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Topic Review
Protection of Iron by Corrosion Inhibitors
Iron is a widely used metal due to its low cost and availability, but it is susceptible to corrosion in many circumstances. This corrosion can result in economic and environmental losses, and negatively affect the physical and chemical properties of the metal.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers in Circular Economy
Thermosetting Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) are engineered composites made out of carbon fibers (CFs) as the reinforcement and epoxy resin as the polymer matrix, which acts as load transfer elements across fibers.Thermosets are commonly charachterized by their high performance and flexibility according to different combination of polymeric-based materials (e.g. epoxies, polyurethane, rubber) and carbon fibers type. CFRPs owns durable and heat-resistant features that make proper them for cars or electrical appliances. CFRPs cannot be easily recycled or broken down after use, because the chemical bonds holding them cannot be changed or reversed as for thermoplastic material. New technological solutions are emerging with specific focus on the circular economy context.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Organic-Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 17%
When narrow band gap, non fullerene material Y6 or its derivatives are used as electron acceptors, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) has exceeded 18%. The PCE improvement of OPV is due to strong photon collection and low energy loss in the near-infrared range. At the same time, the ternary strategy is generally considered to be a convenient and effective means to improve the PCE of OPVs.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
PH-Sensitive Cubosome Liquid Crystalline Nanocarriers
Cubosomes are soft biocontinuous nanoparticles whose 3D geometry can be engineered to render the structures responsive to pH variations, which is of large interest to the production of efficient drug delivery materials. We have reviewed the literature to provide a state of the art in this regard and shed lights on prominent perspectives and strategies for pH-sensitive cubosomes development, taking advantage of the pH changes of the biological media at targeted application sites.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Additives Used in Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion involves the degradation of a biodegradable substance, such as sewage sludge by anaerobic microorganisms in an oxygen-free system.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Structure, Spectral Properties and Chemistry of Spiropyrans
Spiropyrans (SP) are a well-studied class of photochromic compounds. These compounds are usually named in conformity with the IUPAC rules for nomenclature of heterocyclic spirocompounds, as derivatives of 1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline] or 1′,3′-dihydro-1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indole].
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Crossover Effect in Cement-Based Materials
Cement-based materials (CBMs) such as pastes, mortars and concretes are the most frequently used building materials in the present construction industry. Cement hydration, along with the resulting compressive strength in these materials, is dependent on curing temperature, methods and duration. A concrete subjected to an initial higher curing temperature undergoes accelerated hydration by resulting in non-uniform scattering of the hydration products and consequently creating a great porosity at later ages. This phenomenon is called crossover effect (COE). The COE may occur even at early ages between seven to 10 days for Portland cements with various mineral compositions. Compressive strength and other mechanical properties are important for the long life of concrete structures, so any reduction in these properties is of great concern to engineers.  COE phenomenon was reported in the literature. However, based on the data reported in some papers, COE could be observed while the authors did not highlight and discuss this phenomenon in the publications.  This study is a broad literature review on this phenomenon based on the existing published papers and try to identify this phenomenon in the other published papers those could not discover and discuss about it in the study. In addition, this paper tries to further explain about COE, reason and mechanisms and methods to overcome this drawback in concrete/mortar.    
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Oct 2020
Topic Review
HiPIMS coatings for self-cleaning application: cyclic Reactive Green 12 degradation
We propose a new photocatalytic interface prepared by High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) and investigated for the degradation of Reactive Green 12 (RG12) as target contaminant under visible light LEDs illumination. The CuxO/TiO2 nanoparticulate photocatalyst was sequentially sputtered on polyester (PES). The photocatalyst formulation was optimized by investigating the effect of different parameters such as: the sputtering time of CuxO, the applied current and the deposition mode (Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering, DCMS or HiPIMS). The results show that the fastest RG12 degradation was obtained on CuxO/TiO2 sample prepared at 40 A in HIPIMS mode under low intensity LEDs irradiation. The better self-cleaning efficiency of 53.4% within 360 min was found with 4 mg/L of RG12 initial concentration and 0.05 % Cuwt/PESwt as determined by X-ray Fluorescence. All the prepared samples contain a TiO2 under layer with 0.02% Tiwt/PESwt. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM), both layers were seen uniformly distributed on the PES fibers. The effect of the surface-area to volume (dye volume) ratio (SA/V) on the photocatalytic self-cleaning efficiency was also investigated for the discoloration of 4 mg/L RG12. The CuxO/TiO2 photocatalyst was found to have a good reusability and stability up to 21 cycles. Ions release were quantified by mean of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showing low Cu-ions release.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Olive Biophenols Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol
Oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are olive-derived phenols recognised as health-promoting agents with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities, providing a wide range of applications as functional food ingredients. HT is Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), whereas OLE is included in EFSA daily consumptions recommendations, albeit there is no official GRAS status for its pure form. 
  • 1.2K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Pharmaceuticals Detection
This research explores advances in the detection and quantification of pharmaceutical substances, with a focus on the development of high-performance electrochemical sensors, particularly those based on chitosan, to address the need for sensitive and selective detection techniques in various applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Sep 2023
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