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Topic Review
Synthesis Techniques of Mixed-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots
In nanotechnology, the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by mixed doping with metals and non-metals has emerged as an appealing path of investigation. 
  • 175
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Hydrogel-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors
Hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors (HWEBs) are emerging biomedical devices that have recently received immense interest. The exceptional properties of HWEBs include excellent biocompatibility with hydrophilic nature, high porosity, tailorable permeability, the capability of reliable and accurate detection of disease biomarkers, suitable device–human interface, facile adjustability, and stimuli responsive to the nanofiller materials. HWEBs are gaining popularity due to their numerous potential applications in various fields, including medical, environmental, and industrial applications. They have the potential to revolutionize the way biological parameters are monitored.
  • 291
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biodegradable Polymer-Based Drug-Delivery Systems for Ocular Diseases
Ocular drug delivery is a challenging field due to the unique anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. Biodegradable polymers have emerged as promising tools for efficient and controlled drug delivery in ocular diseases.
  • 214
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Pd-Catalyzed Homogeneous Tandem Processes
Pd-containing catalytic systems for tandem processes have gained special attention due to their enhanced catalytic properties and their possibility of performing several reactions without the necessity of separating the intermediates.
  • 652
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomass-Derived 2,3-Butanediol and Its Application in Biofuels Production
2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is an important biomass-derived platform chemical with various applications. The biological conversion of renewable carbon sources with bacteria or yeasts is a sustainable way to produce 2,3-BDO. Various carbon sources including glucose, glycerol, molasses and lignocellulose hydrolysate have been used for 2,3-BDO production, and the 2,3-BDO concentration in the fermentation broth can be higher than 150 g/L by optimizing the operating parameters with fed-batch operations. Various derivatives can be produced from 2,3-BDO, including isobutyraldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), diacetyl, etc.; among these, there is a large market demand for MEK and 1,3-butadiene each year. Some of the derivatives can be used as fuel additives or to produce biofuels. Generally, there are three ways to produce hydrocarbon fuels from 2,3-BDO, which are via the steps of dehydration, carbon chain extension, and hydrogenation (or hydrodeoxygenation), with MEK or 1,3-butadiene as the intermediates. C8–C16 alkanes can be produced by these routes, which can be potentially used as bio-jet fuels.
  • 326
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase Probes
The cardinal component of the thioredoxin system, mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plays a vital role in supporting various physiological functions; however, its malfunction, disrupting redox balance, is intimately associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Fluorescent probes offer several advantages for in situ imaging and the quantification of biological targets, such as non-destructiveness, real-time analysis, and high spatiotemporal resolution. These benefits facilitate the transition from a poise to a flux understanding of cellular targets, further advancing scientific studies in related fields. The TrxR fluorescent probes have contributed significantly to the investigation of TrxR’s biological functions and have been valuable tools in TrxR-related research.
  • 158
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Resins and Additive Manufacturing in Stereolithographies
Since its inception in 1984, 3D printing has revolutionized manufacturing by leveraging the additivity principle and simple material–energy coupling. Stereolithography, as the pioneering technology, introduced the concept of photopolymerization with a single photon. This groundbreaking approach not only established the essential criteria for additive processes employing diverse localized energies and materials, including solid, pasty, powdery, organic, and mineral substances, but also underscored the significance of light–matter interactions in the spatial and temporal domains, impacting various critical aspects of stereolithography’s performance.
  • 261
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Diffusion-Limited Processes in Hydrogels with Chosen Applications
Diffusion is one of the key nature processes which plays an important role in respiration, digestion, and nutrient transport in cells. In this regard, the research aims to review various diffusion approaches used to fabricate different functional materials based on hydrogels, unique examples of materials that control diffusion. They have found applications in fields such as drug encapsulation and delivery, nutrient delivery in agriculture, developing materials for regenerative medicine, and creating stimuli-responsive materials in soft robotics and microrobotics. 
  • 208
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Signal-Amplifying Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Bioassays
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a powerful detection scheme for many applications, particularly bioassays, due to its unique strengths, such as its ultrasensitive performance. Due to the development of various SERS substrates, more SERS-based bioassays with improved sensitivity and reproducibility have been designed and manufactured. 
  • 207
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Electrospinning Process of Electrospun Fibers
Electrospinning is a simple and versatile method to generate nanofibers. Remarkable progress has been made in the development of the electrospinning process. The production of nanofibers is affected by many parameters, which influence the final material properties. Electrospun fibers have a wide range of applications, such as energy storage devices and biomedical scaffolds.
  • 740
  • 24 Aug 2023
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