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Topic Review
Bioapplications of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers
Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (JDs) can be defined as dendritic macromolecules made of two dendrons with opposite polarities, which either differ from each other by their terminal groups, or their structures differ entirely. Amphiphilic JDs are named following a more or less general scheme that encompass in this order, the lipophilic dendrons, the core if exists, and the hydrophilic dendrons. The unique architectures of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers, with multifunctional terminal groups, different structures of branches in a single molecule (beside the capacity of self-assembly in aqueous media forming dendrimersomes, which in turn benefit from properties like predictable size and thickness, stability and biocompatibility), constitute premises for a wide range of biomedical applications where conventional dendrimers have failed.
  • 556
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Bioavailability of Lingonberry Polyphenols
Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) is less prevalent in the daily human diet because they are collected from the wild, and plant breeding of lingonberry is still on a small scale. Lingonberries are classed as “superfruits” with the highest content of antioxidants among berries and a broad range of health-promoting effects. Many studies showed various beneficial effects of lingonberries, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Lingonberries have been shown to prevent low-grade inflammation and diet-induced obesity in diabetic animals. Moreover, lingonberry intake has been associated with a beneficial effect on preventing and treating brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • 916
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biocatalyzed Redox Processes Employing Green Reaction Media
Biocatalysis can be defined in a broad sense as the mediation of chemical reactions by means of biological systems, including isolated enzymes, whole cells or cell-free extracts. In some circumstances, the aqueous buffer medium normally employed in biocatalytic procedures is not the best option to develop these processes, due to solubility and/or inhibition issues, requiring biocatalyzed redox procedures to circumvent these drawbacks, by developing novel green non-conventional media, including the use of biobased solvents, reactions conducted in neat conditions and the application of neoteric solvents such as deep eutectic solvents. 
  • 461
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Bioceramic Materials Used in Regenerative Dentistry
To improve the oral and dental health of the population, regenerative dentistry is a very promising approach that aims both to prevent oral–dental deterioration and to restore the anatomy and functionality of diseased teeth. To this end, it draws on new advances in procedures based on cell biology and new biomaterials. Synthetic biomimetic materials, and particularly bioceramics are undoubtedly fundamental elements in the development of these advanced dental therapies, as the calcium phosphate type formulations are the natural bioceramic components of dental and bone tissues. To this must be added the breakthrough achieved with the new silica-based bioactive ceramic compositions, capable of stimulating biological mineralization processes.
  • 345
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Biochar and Cementitious Composites
Cementitious materials are one of the most used infrastructure materials worldwide due to their low cost, well-developed production methods, and well adaptability to varying environmental conditions. Cementitious composites are mainly divided into three groups, i.e., concrete, mortar and paste. Being quasi brittle, they are prone to cracking, which greatly compromises their strength and durability. Due significance has been given to mitigate the brittle behavior of cementitious composites in the past: Various studies are available, intended at improving the tensile strain capacity of the cementitious materials. Apart from conventional steel reinforcement, inclusion of fibers has remained the focus of many studies.
  • 680
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption
Biochar is a specific carbon obtained by a pyrolysis process from different feedstocks, as an alternative material for heavy metal adsorption from groundwater. Many studies have been conducted regarding the application of innovative materials to water decontamination to develop a more sustainable approach to remediation processes. 
  • 197
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biochar in the Development of Electrochemical Printed Platforms
Biochar is a pyrolytic material with several environmental benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, sequestering atmospheric carbon and contrasting global warming. It has moved to the forefront for its conductivity and electron transfer properties, finding applications in the fabrication of electrochemical platforms. In this field, researchers have focused on low-cost biomass capable of replacing more popular and expensive carbonaceous nanomaterials (i.e., graphene, nanotubes and quantum dots) in the realization of sensitive cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly electrochemical tools. 
  • 517
  • 14 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Biochar Production and Properties
Biochar (BC) is the solid residue recovered from the thermal cracking of biomasses in an oxygen-poor atmosphere. BC has been increasingly explored as a sustainable, inexpensive, and viable alternative to traditional carbonaceous fillers for the development of polymer-based composites. In fact, BC exhibits high thermal stability, high surface area, and electrical conductivity; moreover, its main properties can be properly tuned by controlling the conditions of the production process.
  • 338
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Biochar-Based Adsorption Processes: Considerations for Antibiotics Removal
Antibiotics are pharmaceuticals that are used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals, and they are also used as growth promoters in livestock production. These activities lead to an alarming accumulation of antibiotics in aquatic environments, resulting in selection pressure for antibiotic resistance. Carbon-based materials (mainly in the form of activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and biochars) are commonly used for the adsorption of antibiotics because of their four characteristics that contribute to adsorption, including specific surface area, micro- and mesopore structures, surface functional groups;mineral content and composition.
  • 176
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biochar-Based Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Biochar is an important, interesting, low-cost material with various agricultural, industrial, and scientific applications. Biochar is a name given to vegetable-derived charcoal, which can be used as an agent to improve soil and water quality. This carbon-rich substance can be produced by the carbonization of biomass residues (e.g., wood, dung, manure, or leaves) in thermal conversion processes, such as pyrolysis, torrefaction, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Among them, pyrolysis is the most common process to obtain biochar under anaerobic conditions and high temperatures. In addition, heat, syngas, liquid fuels, and pyroligneous acid (wood vinegar) are also generated during this process.
  • 208
  • 18 Jan 2024
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