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Topic Review
Metal Nanoclusters
Metal nanoclusters (NCs), comprising only a few to roughly hundreds of metal atoms, have a metal core-protective agent shell structure. Owing to the size of metal NCs approaching the Fermi wavelength of electrons, the spatial confinement of free electrons in metal NCs generates discrete electronic transitions, thereby exhibiting intriguing molecular-like properties. Therefore, metal NCs are deemed to bridge the gap between molecules and nanoparticles.
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Toxicological Risks of the Cobalt–Chromium Alloys in Dentistry
Cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) alloys have been used for a long period of time in dentistry, but several risk factors remain involved. The toxicological risk of Co-Cr dental alloys is actually a sensitive subject with the European regulatory changes, namely regulation (EU) 2017/745 and annex VI to the CLP regulation (EC) 1972/2008. Studies assessing Co-Cr dental alloys’ biocompatibility are urgently needed.
  • 1.9K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Self-Assembly Based on DNA Nanotechnology
Using DNA self-assembly, materials can be controlled at the nano scale to achieve atomic- or nano-scaled fabrication. The programmability and addressability of DNA molecules can be applied to realize the self-assembly of materials from the bottom-up, which is called DNA nanotechnology. DNA nanotechnology does not focus on the biological functions of DNA molecules, but combines them into motifs, and then assembles these motifs to form ordered two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) lattices. These lattices can serve as general templates to regulate the assembly of guest materials.
  • 1.9K
  • 18 May 2021
Topic Review
Conducting Polymers
Conducting polymers are an important class of functional materials that has been widely applied to fabricate electrochemical biosensors, because of their interesting and tunable chemical, electrical, and structural properties. Conducting polymers can also be designed through chemical grafting of functional groups, nanostructured, or associated with other functional materials such as nanoparticles to provide tremendous improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility of the biosensor’s response to a variety of bioanalytes. Such biosensors are expected to play a growing and significant role in delivering the diagnostic information and therapy monitoring since they have advantages including their low cost and low detection limit.
  • 1.9K
  • 12 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Processing Properties of Starch
Starch is the second most abundantly available natural polymer in the world, after cellulose. If we add its biodegradability and non-toxicity to the natural environment, it becomes a raw material very attractive for the food and non-food industries. However, in the latter case, mainly due to the high hydrophilicity of starch, it is necessary to carry out many more or less complex operations and processes. One of the fastest growing industries in the last decade is the processing of biodegradable materials for packaging purposes. This is mainly due to awareness of producers and consumers about the dangers of unlimited production and the use of non-degradable petroleum polymers.
  • 1.9K
  • 05 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Metal Current Collector for LMBs
Lithium Metal Anode (LMA) has been considered as the promising candidate, owing to their high theoretical gravimetric capacity, low electrochemical potential, and low density, to replace the conventional carbon based anode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the inherent hyperactive and volume expansion issues of Lithium (Li) leads to the formation of notorious Li dendrite growth and unstable solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI), eventually hindering the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To resolve this issue, one of the effective approach is to engineer three dimensional (3D) porous metal based Li host owing to their chemical and mechanical stability, high electronic conductivity and low cost. In this review, the challenges and strategies to suppress the Li dendrite growth are presented. Then the design principles and effectiveness of different kinds of metal based Li host to accommodate and buffer the volume expansion of Li for guiding the uniform Li deposition  are summarized. Then the special attention is paid to the lithiophilic coating or decoration which can further control the initial Li deposition and lowers the nucleation and voltage overpotential in 3D porous metal framework during Li plating/stripping cycles. Finally, the conclusion and perspective are given on the current status, challenges and future  research pathway toward advancement of LMA for dendrite-free and improved battery performance.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Electrochemical Immunosensor
Electrochemical immunosensors (EI) are systems that combine the analytical power of electrochemical techniques and the high selectivity and specificity of antibodies in a solid phase immunoassay for a target analyte.
  • 1.9K
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Supercapacitor
Supercapacitors are electrical devices for fast storage and release of electric energy utilizing charge accumulation in the electrochemical double layer. In terms of volumetric and gravimetric capacities they exceed conventional dielectric and electrolytic capacitors by several orders of magnitude. However, the low energy density of supercapacitors has seriously limited their wider application in many fields. Increase of energy density highly depends on development of a new generation of advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors.
  • 1.9K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Fungal Degradation of Wood
Wood durability researchers have long described fungal decay of timber using the starkly simple terms of white, brown and soft rot, along with the less destructive mold and stain fungi. These terms have taken on an almost iconic meaning but are only based upon the outward appearance of the damaged timber. Long-term deterioration studies, as well as the emerging genetic tools, are showing the fallacy of simplifying the decay process into such broad groups.
  • 1.9K
  • 17 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Nanoceria
Several biocompatible materials have been applied for managing soft tissue lesions; cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, or nanoceria) are among the most promising candidates due to their outstanding properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and angiogenic activities. Much attention should be paid to the physical properties of nanoceria, since most of its biological characteristics are directly determined by some of these relevant parameters, including the particle size and shape. Nanoceria, either in bare or functionalized forms, showed the excellent capability of accelerating the healing process of both acute and chronic wounds. The skin, heart, nervous system, and ophthalmic tissues are the main targets of nanoceria-based therapies, and the other soft tissues may also be evaluated in upcoming experimental studies. For the repair and regeneration of soft tissue damage and defects, nanoceria-incorporated film, hydrogel, and nanofibrous sca olds have been proven to be highly suitable replacements with satisfactory outcomes. Still, some concerns have remained regarding the long-term e ects of nanoceria administration for human tissues and organs, such as its clearance from the vital organs. Moreover, looking at the future, it seems necessary to design and develop three-dimensional (3D) printed sca olds containing nanoceria for possible use in the concepts of personalized medicine.
  • 1.9K
  • 10 Oct 2020
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