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Topic Review
Applications of Self-Reparable Antimicrobial Polysiloxanes
Organosilicon polymers (silicones) are an important part of material chemistry and a well-established commercial product segment with a wide range of applications. Silicones are of enduring interest due to their unique properties and utility. New application areas for silicone-based materials have emerged, such as stretchable electronics, wearable stress sensors, smart coatings, and soft robotics.
  • 194
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Equipment for Dual Centrifugation
Dual centrifugation (DC) is an innovative in-vial homogenization and in-vial nanomilling technique that has been in use for the preparation of liposomes. DC has continuously been developed for preparing various liposomes and other lipid nanoparticles including emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as well as polymersomes and nanocrystals. Improvements in equipment technology have been achieved, so that DC is now on its way to becoming the quasi-standard for the simple, fast, and aseptic production of lipid nanoparticles and nanocrystals in small and medium batch sizes, including the possibility of simple and fast formulation screening or bedside preparations of therapeutic nanoparticles.
  • 251
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Sources in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation has emerged as a pivotal chemical process with transformative potential in various industries. Unlike conventional direct hydrogenation, catalytic transfer hydrogenation offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced safety, cost-effective hydrogen donors, byproduct recyclability, catalyst accessibility, and the potential for catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, particularly with chiral ligands. Alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol are prominent hydrogen donors, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in various reductions. Formic acid offers irreversible hydrogenation, preventing the occurrence of reverse reactions, and is extensively utilized in chiral compound synthesis. Unconventional donors such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene and glycerol have shown a good efficiency in reducing unsaturated compounds, with glycerol additionally serving as a green solvent in some transformations. 
  • 740
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Green Electrospun Nanofibers for Biotechnology
Electrospinning is a versatile and scalable fabrication technique that is used to produce nanoscale fibers with diameters ranging from a few nanometers up to micrometers. In a typical electrospinning process, a high voltage is applied to a polymer solution or melt loaded in a syringe. When the electrical forces overcome the surface tension of the liquid or melt, a charged jet is ejected from the tip of the syringe. As the jet travels in the air, one of two things can occur. For techniques using a polymer solution, the solvent evaporates as the jet travels, leaving behind thin solid fibers. For melt electrospinning or other solvent-free techniques, the polymer jet undergoes solidification as it travels, without any solvent evaporation involved. In both cases, the solidified fibers are then deposited on the collector. The key differences are whether solvent evaporation plays a role (for solution electrospinning) or if only solidification occurs without solvents (for melt electrospinning).
  • 469
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bigels
Bigels have been mainly applied in the pharmaceutical sector for the controlled release of drugs or therapeutics. However, these systems, with their intricate structures, hold great promise for wider application in food products. Besides their classical role as carrier and target delivery vehicles for molecules of interest, bigels may also be valuable tools for building complex food structures. In the context of reducing or even eliminating undesirable (but often highly functional) food components, current strategies often critically affect food structure and palatability. The production of solid fat systems that are trans-fat-free and have high levels of unsaturated fatty acids is one of the challenges the food industry currently faces. 
  • 280
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Metallic FexGeTe2 (3 ≤ x ≤ 7) Ferromagnets
Thermal fluctuations in two-dimensional (2D) isotropy systems at non-zero finite temperatures can destroy the long-range (LR) magnetic order due to the mechanisms addressed in the Mermin-Wanger theory. However, the magnetic anisotropy related to spin–orbit coupling (SOC) may stabilize magnetic order in 2D systems. 2D FexGeTe2 (3 ≤ x ≤ 7) with a high Curie temperature (TC) has not only undergone significant developments in terms of synthetic methods and the control of ferromagnetism (FM), but is also being actively explored for applications in various devices. 
  • 585
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Melt-Spun Biodegradable Fibers
The growing awareness of environmental issues and the pursuit of sustainable materials have sparked a substantial surge in research focused on biodegradable materials, including fibers. Within a spectrum of fabrication techniques, melt-spinning has emerged as an eco-friendly and scalable method for making fibers from biodegradable plastics (preferably bio-based), intended for various applications. 
  • 400
  • 12 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Application and Development of Biochar in Ironmaking Production
The concept of green, low-carbon and clean energy consumption has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and countries have actively advocated the use of new energy. In the face of problems such as resource shortage and environmental pollution, scholars began to explore the use of new fuels instead of coal for production. Biomass resources have the characteristics of being renewable and carbon neutral and having large output. As an energy utilization, it is helpful to promote the transformation of the energy structure in various countries. Applying it to ironmaking production is not only conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction in the ironmaking process but also can achieve efficient utilization of crop waste. 
  • 212
  • 12 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Catalysts for Removal of Soot
Soot formation is an inevitable consequence of the combustion of carbonaceous fuels in environments rich in reducing agents. Efficient management of pollution in various contexts, such as industrial fires, vehicle engines, and similar applications, relies heavily on the subsequent oxidation of soot particles. Among the oxidizing agents employed for this purpose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen dioxide have all demonstrated effectiveness. 
  • 272
  • 12 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Aqueous Organic Redox-Targeting Flow Batteries
Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) represent innovative and sustainable systems featuring decoupled energy capacity and power density; storing energy within organic redox-active materials. This design facilitates straightforward scalability, holding the potential for an affordable energy storage solution.
  • 130
  • 12 Nov 2023
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