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Topic Review
Approaches to Preceramic Polymer Fiber Fabrication
The demand for lightweight, high-modulus, and temperature-resistant materials for aerospace and other high-temperature applications has contributed to the development of ceramic fibers that exhibit most of the favorable properties of monolithic ceramics. The preceramic polymer requirements for a fiber concoction include: (1) appropriate rheology for non-Newtonian flows of materials and appropriate viscosity during rotation; (2) reactivity to fuse the fibers for subsequent pyrolysis; (3) controlled degradation during pyrolysis to prevent disorders of the structure, such as scattered material, and to produce high-density fibers with high ceramic performance; (4) controlled formation of nano- or microstructures.
  • 856
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Functional Properties of LSM and LSCF Air Electrodes
An analysis of the literature data on the electrical, thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the conventional perovskite-type cathode materials shows that lanthanum strontium manganite (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSM) fulfils all the requirements for its use in high-temperature SOFCs. However, as the temperature decreases, the use of LSM materials, which are predominantly electronic conductors with a low level of ionic conductivity, becomes unsatisfactory due to their low electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). On the other hand, cobalt-based perovskite materials, including lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3−δ (LSCF), are characterized by superior catalytic activity due to high values of both electronic and ionic conductivity.
  • 856
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Applications of AMPs in Packaging
Antimicrobial Peptides can be defined as the molecules of the innate immune system present in all life forms, ranging from bacteria to human beings. The innate immune system is a defence system working non-specifically against injury or infection in the barrier surface. AMPs are composed of a sequence of amino acid ranging from 5 to 50 chains, usually L-amino acids.
  • 856
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Cellulose Nanocrystals
Cellulose has both highly ordered crystalline and amorphous regions in varying proportions, depending on its source. Removing the amorphous region influences the structure and crystallinity of the cellulose, resulting in the formation of CNCs. CNCs are needle-like particles made up of cellulose chain segments that have been organized in an almost defect-free crystalline structure with at least one dimension less-than-or-equal-to 100 nm. CNCs are also known as cellulose nanowhiskers, cellulose whiskers, and nanocrystalline cellulose, but CNCs is the most used term. CNCs have a high thermal stability, surface area, and crystallinity compared to bulk cellulose, which has more amorphous fractions. Different types of LCB waste have been used to extract CNCs such as cotton, pineapple leaf, sugarcane bagasse, walnut shell, soy hulls, bamboo fibre, and many more.
  • 855
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Biodegradable Polymers in Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted much attention because they not only efficiently harvest energy from the surrounding environment and living organisms but also serve as multifunctional sensors toward the detection of various chemical and physical stimuli. In particular, biodegradable TENG (BD-TENG) represents an emerging type of self-powered device that can be degraded, either in physiological environments as an implantable power source without the necessity of second surgery for device retrieval, or in the ambient environment to minimize associated environmental pollution.
  • 855
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
CDs as Antimicrobial Agents
Carbon dots (CDs) have been identified as a promising class of photosensitiser nanomaterials for the specific detection and inactivation of different bacterial species. CDs possess exceptional and tuneable chemical and photoelectric properties that make them excellent candidates for antibacterial theranostic applications, such as great chemical stability, high water solubility, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. 
  • 855
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
N-Type Layered Oxyselenide Thermoelectric Materials
Bi6Cu2Se4O6is a new type of layered oxyselenide thermoelectric material. The crystal structure of Bi6Cu2Se4O6can be regarded as a 1:2 ratio of BiCuSeO and Bi2O2Se heaping along thec-axis by turns, so there are insulative layersBi2O22+and conductive layersCu2Se22−andSe2−in the structure. The Bi6Cu2Se4O6system not only maintains the low thermal conductivity of BiCuSeO but also can utilize the intrinsic electron carrier concentration of Bi2O2Se, considered to be a promisingn-type oxyselenide thermoelectric material.
  • 854
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Camelids' Milk
Camel milk has always represented an important food for nomadic people in the arid parts of the world; recently, camel milk attracted great attention as a possible replacer to dairy cow’s milk because of its therapeutic effects. The use of alternative milk for feeding children can be effective in reducing the development of gastrointestinal disorders.
  • 853
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Multifunctional Polymeric Nanogels for Biomedical Applications
Currently, research in nanoparticles as a drug delivery system has broadened to include their use as a delivery system for bioactive substances and a diagnostic or theranostic system. Nanogels, nanoparticles containing a high amount of water, have gained attention due to their advantages of colloidal stability, core-shell structure, and adjustable structural components. These advantages provide the potential to design and fabricate multifunctional nanosystems for various biomedical applications. Modified or functionalized polymers and some metals are components that markedly enhance the features of the nanogels, such as tunable amphiphilicity, biocompatibility, stimuli-responsiveness, or sensing moieties, leading to specificity, stability, and tracking abilities. 
  • 853
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Natural Antiviral Polymers
Natural polymers or biopolymers are classified into polysaccharides, polypeptides (proteins), and nucleic acid polymers (polynucleotides). Natural polymers as components of living systems are derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms.
  • 853
  • 05 May 2022
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