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Topic Review
Bioplastic of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Vegetal-Fibers as Biopackaging Alternatives
This is an overview of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)–vegetal fiber composites, the effects of the fiber type, and the production method's impact on the mechanical, thermal, barrier properties, and biodegradability, all relevant for biopackaging. To acknowledge the behaviors and trends of the biomaterials reinforcement field, the researchers searched for granted patents focusing on bio-packaging applications and gained insight into current industry developments and contributions.
  • 922
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bi-Ssubstituted Iron Garnet Multilayer Structures
In this encyclopaedia entry, we are reporting on the unconventional magnetic switching properties of sputtered all-garnet multilayer thin film structures. Within the scope of this study, thin magnetic trilayers were fabricated on both garnet and glass substrates, in which magneto-soft material layers are sandwiched in-between two magneto-hard garnet material layers of identical composition type.
  • 921
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
E-Tongues/Noses Based on Conducting Polymers and Composite Materials
Intrinsic conducting polymers (CPs) have excellent electrochemical characteristics, such as tailored electrical conductivity by electronic doping, high environmental stability, and biocompatibility. This entry intend to overview the use of conducting polymers (CPs), extensively studied due to their high versatility and electrical properties, as chemical sensor arrays in electronic tongues and noses. Their performance in terms of sensitivity and other parameters will be studied based on the characteristic features of common conducting polymers, such as electrical conductivity and nanostructured morphology. Furthermore, the application of electronic devices in commercial prototypes will also be included here.
  • 921
  • 05 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Defect-Related Etch Pits on Crystals and Their Utilization
Etch pits could form on an exposed surface of a crystal when the crystal is exposed to an etching environment or chemicals. Due to different dissolution rates along various crystalline directions in a crystal, the dissolution process is anisotropic; hence, etch pits usually have a regular shape. The morphology, size, and density of etch pits can be affected by various factors, including the chemical composition of the etchant, etching time, etching temperature, status of the matrix, and so on. Traditionally, etch pits are utilized to evaluate the dislocation density and some defect-related properties. Now, in the modern fabrication industries, the relationship between etch pits and defects has been utilized more skillfully. High-quality crystals can be fabricated by controlling dislocations revealed by etch pits. Meanwhile, with the as-revealed dislocation as the diffusion path of atoms, new crystals will emerge in corresponding etch pits.
  • 919
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Solar Reactors for Hydrogen Production
Green hydrogen production is at the core of the transition away from conventional fuels. Along with popularly investigated pathways for hydrogen production, thermochemical water splitting using redox materials is an interesting option for utilizing thermal energy, as this approach makes use of temperature looping over the material to produce hydrogen from water. Solar reactors have conventionally been used for such reactions, as temperatures up to 2000 °C can be reached, which are beneficial for the reduction of the redox material. 
  • 919
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ethyl Acetate Hydrogenation
Ethyl acetate hydrogenation is the reverse reaction of ethanol dehydrogenation. Tuthenium complexes acting in homogeneous phase, at very low temperatures, promote both ethanol dehydrogenation and ethylacetate hydrogenation.
  • 919
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Interstitial Atom Engineering
Interstitial light elements play an important role in magnetic materials. Especially, Mn-based compounds with interstitial atoms are important for the easy fabrication of highly functional magnetic devices.
  • 918
  • 11 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Carbon atoms are bonded with a covalent sp2bond with a single free electron, which accounts for the conductivity of graphene. Graphene is attracting great interests from the physical, chemical, and biomedical fields as a novel nanomaterial with exceptional physical properties, including extremely high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical conductivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, remarkable mechanical strength, and biocompatibility.
  • 918
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Supramolecular Chemistry: Host–Guest Molecular Complexes
The host–guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. In host–guest (HG) interaction, distinctive structural complexes development occurs via non-covalent associations. There is a growing curiosity in executing supramolecular HG structures for assembling organic solvents and aqueous solutions on compact planes.
  • 918
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Particle Coatings on Magnetorheological Materials
Magnetorheological (MR) material is a type of magneto-sensitive smart materials which consists of magnetizable particles dispersed in a carrier medium. Throughout the years, coating on the surface of the magnetic particles has been developed by researchers to enhance the performance of MR materials, which include the improvement of sedimentation stability, enhancement of the interaction between the particles and matrix mediums, and improving rheological properties as well as providing extra protection against oxidative environments. There are a few coating methods that have been employed to graft the coating layer on the surface of the magnetic particles, such as atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), chemical oxidative polymerization, and dispersion polymerization.
  • 917
  • 11 Dec 2020
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