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Topic Review
Biological Properties of Anthocyanin Pigments in Blood Oranges
Anthocyanins are natural pigments that give a red, purple, and blue color to many plant, flower, fruit, and vegetable species. Their presence within the genus Citrus was first reported in 1916, and it is well-known that the red color of the flesh and rind of blood (red or pigmented) oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is due to the presence of anthocyanins. They are also present in the young shoots, flowers, and peel of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.), citron (Citrus medica L.), and other citrus species. 
  • 944
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanobioconjugates for signal amplification
Amplification of signals from devices as a result of their interaction with a target analyte is of paramount importance. It may impact on the sensitivity and detection limits of the device. This review provides some examples of nanobioconjugates (biomolecules conjugated with nanomaterials), current challenges and future perspectives for the amplification of signals in electrochemical biosensing based on nanobioconjugates.  
  • 944
  • 08 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Components of Supercapacitors
The enormous demand for energy due to rapid technological developments pushes mankind to the limits in the exploration of high-performance energy devices. Among the two major energy storage devices (capacitors and batteries), electrochemical capacitors (known as ‘Supercapacitors’) play a crucial role in the storage and supply of conserved energy from various sustainable sources. The high power density and the ultra-high cyclic stability are the attractive characteristics of supercapacitors. However, the low energy density is a major downside of them, which is also responsible for the extensive research in this field to help the charge storage capabilities thrive to their limits. Discoveries of electrical double-layer formation, pseudocapacitive and intercalation-type (battery-type) behaviors drastically improved the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors. The introduction of nanostructured active materials (carbon-/metal-/redox-active-polymer/metal-organic/covalent-organic framework-based electrode materials), electrolytes (conventional aqueous and unconventional systems) with superior electrochemical stability and unprecedented device architectures further boosted their charge storage characteristics. 
  • 943
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Potential Photodynamic Diagnosis Targets
Photodynamic diagnosis and therapy (PDD and PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conventional, non-targeted PDT is poor selectivity, causing side effects. The bioconjugation of a photosensitizer to a tumor-targeting molecule, such as an antibody or a ligand peptide, is a way to improve selectivity. The bioconjugation strategy can generate a tumor-targeting photosensitizer conjugate specific for cancer cells, or ideally, for multiple tumor compartments to improve selectivity and efficacy, such as cancer stem cells and tumor neovasculature within the tumor microenvironment. If successful, such targeted photosensitizer conjugates can also be used for specific visualization and detection of cancer cells and/or tumor angiogenesis (an early event in tumorigenesis) with the hope of an early diagnosis of cancer.
  • 943
  • 03 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Irosustat: Clinical Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitor
Irosustat: (6-oxo-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta[c]chromen-3-yl) sulfamate; 6-oxo-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta-(c)(1)benzopyran-3-O-sulfamate; also known as STX64, 667 Coumate, BN83495, Oristusane is a tricyclic synthetic clinical drug of the aryl sulfamate ester class, designed mainly for applications in oncology as a steroid sulfatase inhibitor and has shown clinical benefit in patients.
  • 941
  • 09 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Encapsulation of Bioactive Phytochemicals
Many consumers are switching to a plant-based diet because of their concerns about animal-derived foods on the environment, human health, and animal welfare. There has therefore been great interest in identifying, isolating, and characterizing functional ingredients from botanical sources, especially waste streams from food and agricultural production. 
  • 940
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Uranyl Carbonate Minerals
Uranyl carbonates are one of the largest groups of secondary uranium(VI)-bearing natural phases being represented by 40 minerals approved by the International Mineralogical Association, overtaken only by uranyl phosphates and uranyl sulfates. Uranyl carbonate phases form during the direct alteration of primary U ores on contact with groundwaters enriched by CO2, thus playing an important role in the release of U to the environment. The presence of uranyl carbonate phases has also been detected on the surface of “lavas” that were formed during the Chernobyl accident.
  • 940
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Adsorbing Materials for Fluoride Removal
In recent years, there has been an increase in public perception of the detrimental side-effects of fluoride to human health due to its effects on teeth and bones. Today, there is a plethora of techniques available for the removal of fluoride from drinking water. Among them, adsorption is a very prospective method because of its handy operation, cost efficiency, and high selectivity. 
  • 940
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Gellan
Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported.
  • 939
  • 08 May 2021
Topic Review
Polymers-Based Flexible Supercapacitors for Energy
Flexible supercapacitors are highly demanding due to their wearability, washability, lightweight property and rollability. Supercapacitors are specially designed capacitors which have huge capacitance value and energy density when compared to the conventional capacitors that are with fast storage ability and high energy density than capacitors
  • 939
  • 08 Apr 2022
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