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Topic Review
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health.
  • 541
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Hope in Nursing Care
Hope is a central concept within the nursing literature, which is crucial towards the development of nursing knowledge. Nursing teams play a crucial role in exploring the meaning of hope and promoting hope among patients and their families. 
  • 540
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Devices and Diagnostics for OIRD
OIRD (opioid-induced respiratory depression) remains a significant public health concern due to clinically indicated and illicit opioid use. Respiratory depression is the sine qua non of opioid toxicity, and early detection is critical for reversal using pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.
  • 540
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Burden of Childhood Malnutrition: A Roadmap of Policies
Childhood malnutrition is a global epidemic with significant public health ramifications. The alarming increase in childhood obesity rates, in conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic, pose major challenges. Since the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 and the joint consortium held by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) that led to the “Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding”, several policymakers and scientific societies have produced relevant reports. Today, the WHO and UNICEF remain the key players on the field, elaborating the guidelines shaped by international expert teams over time, but there is still a long way to go before assuring the health of our children.
  • 540
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Dental Plaque in Systemic Diseases
Periodontal diseases are not just simple bacterial infections, but rather complex diseases of multifactorial complexity. The connection between the subgingival microbes, the host immune, and inflammatory responses seems to be very clear. The mechanisms explaining the association between chronic periodontal disease and systemic diseases include a direct and an indirect route. The direct route results in ulceration in the lining of periodontal pockets, which can become a passage for bacteria into the systemic circulation. It leads to bacteremia, which allows bacteria to settle in distant organs aggravating existing disease conditions. The indirect route is based on the fact that chronic periodontal disease, being a significant source of inflammation, may play a role in other disease conditions in which inflammation is a major component.
  • 540
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Adult Food Preference
Early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) conditions can influence how an adult responds to stress, their food preferences, the volume of food consumed, the likelihood that one will desire to eat in the absence of an energy deficit, the development of eating disorders, and the likelihood that one will suffer from adult obesity.
  • 539
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Real-World Evidence
Real-world evidence (RWE) is increasingly involved in the early benefit assessment of medicinal drugs. It is expected that RWE will help to speed up approval processes comparable to RWE developments in vaccine research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Definitions of RWE are diverse, marking the highly fluid status in this field. So far, RWE comprises information produced from data routinely collected on patient’s health status and/or delivery of health care from various sources other than traditional clinical trials. These sources can include electronic health records, claims, patient-generated data including in home-use settings, data from mobile devices, as well as patient, product, and disease registries. RWE has already been included in various approval procedures of regulatory authorities, reflecting its actual acceptance and growing importance in evaluating and accelerating new therapies. Since RWE research is still in a transition process, and since a number of gaps in this field have been explored, more guidance and a consented definition are necessary to increase the implementation of real-world data.
  • 540
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Combating 131I Side Effects in Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its prevalence has been increasing for decades. Approx. 95% of differentiated thyroid carcinomas are treated using 131iodine (131I), a radionuclide with a half-life of 8 days, to achieve optimal thyroid residual ablation following thyroidectomy. However, while 131I is highly enriched in eliminating thyroid tissue, it can also retain and damage other body parts (salivary glands, liver, etc.) without selectivity, and even trigger salivary gland dysfunction, secondary cancer, and other side effects. 
  • 539
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Genotoxic Effects of Lead
Lead (Pb) is one of the most widely used heavy metals in several industries for the manufacturing process of Pb-based products due to its physical and chemical properties, such as high density, softness, malleability, and poor conductibility. Thus, Pb can be found in workplaces and other contaminated environments. Pb toxicity can occur via both nonoccupational and occupational exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption.
  • 538
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Modifiable predictors of vaccine hesitancy at the start of South Africa’s COVID-19 vaccination rollout have been identified here. These factors should be addressed by different stakeholders involved in the national immunization program through tailored communication and other effective strategies that increase vaccine literacy, reach low-income households, and engender confidence in government. 
  • 538
  • 04 Mar 2022
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