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Topic Review
Workplace Based Sampler Comparison Review
A narrative review on peer-reviewed literature reporting comparisons of personal samplers in workplace settings published between 2004 and 2020 was carried out. Search terms were developed for Web of Science and PubMed bibliographic databases. The retrieved studies were screened for relevance, with those studies meeting the inclusion criteria being taken forward to data extraction (22 studies). The inhalable fraction was the most common fraction assessed, with the IOM sampler being the most studied sampler. The most common workplace environment where samplers had been compared was that where metals/metalloids were present. The requirements of EN13205 standard (Workplace exposure. Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations) have also been considered, with these requirements not currently being met, or at least referred to, in the reviewed literature. A number of conclusions have been drawn from this narrative review. For studies that reported correction factors, no discernible trends could be identified.
  • 707
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Vaccine-Preventable Zoonoses
Given the high number of human diseases of animal origin and the public health’s strong reliance on vaccine programs to improve human health, it is no surprise that a listing of vaccine-preventable zoonotic diseases is extensive. These diseases have been studied for over a century, and the development of vaccines to control them represents remarkable achievements. In the United States, six of the top eight zoonotic diseases identified as those of greatest national concern have either human or animal vaccines, or both. The top eight zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern in the US include zoonotic influenzas, anthrax, salmonellosis, West Nile virus, plague, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), rabies, and Rift Valley fever virus. Of the 30 One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization workshops conducted globally during the period 2014–2021, all five of the most commonly prioritized diseases (rabies, zoonotic influenza, brucellosis, Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers, and anthrax) have either human or animal vaccines, or both. However, in many cases, opportunities to more innovatively and effectively develop and use vaccines to address these and other zoonoses could be improved.
  • 707
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Pathway for Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a disease that involves the accumulation of multiple genetic mutations and epigenetic changes, which results in an out-of-control cell proliferation that disrupts regular cells. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide, accounting for about 1.6 million deaths per year; it is the second most common cancer diagnosis, comprising a total of 13% of new cancer cases each year. Considering the large number of incidences and mortality numbers associated with lung cancer, there is a need for the most accurate clinical procedures.
  • 706
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Mental Health of Self-Employed
We included 26 (three longitudinal and 23 cross-sectional) population-based studies of good quality, with data from 3,128,877 participants in total. A Swedish national register evaluation with 25 years follow-up, showed a higher incidence of mental illness among the self-employed compared to white-collar workers, but a lower incidence compared to blue-collar workers. In the second longitudinal study from Sweden the self-employed had a lower incidence of mental illness compared to both blue- and white-collar workers over 15 years, whereas the third longitudinal study (South Korea) did not find a difference regarding the incidence of depressive symptoms over 6 years. A higher prevalence of mental disorders among the self-employed compared to employees was true for the Asian and older European cross-sectional studies. However, most of the European cross-sectional studies from the last decade found lower or similar prevalence estimates among the self-employed. The majority of the American and Australian cross-sectional studies found a similar prevalence of mental disorders among the self-employed and the employees.
  • 700
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Manual Therapy in Cervical/Lumbar Radiculopathy
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases up to April 2020. The following inclusion criteria were used: (1) presence of radiculopathy; (2) treatment defined as manual therapy (i.e., traction, manipulation, mobilization); and (3) publication defined as a Randomized Controlled Trial. The electronic literature search resulted in 473 potentially relevant articles. Finally, 27 articles were accepted: 21 on cervical (CR) and 6 in lumbar radiculopathy (LR). The mean PEDro score for CR was 6.6 (SD 1.3), and for LR 6.7 (SD 1.6). Traction-oriented techniques are the most frequently chosen treatment form for CR and are efficient in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes. In LR, each of the included publications used a different form of manual therapy, which makes it challenging to summarize knowledge in this group. Of included publications, 93% were either of moderate or low quality, which indicates that quality improvement is necessary for this type of research. 
  • 699
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Technology-Based Mental Interventions for Domestic Violence in COVID-19
Domestic violence is a threat to human dignity and public health. Mounting evidence shows that domestic violence erodes personal and public health, spawning issues such as lifelong mental health challenges. To further compound the situation, COVID-19 and societies’ poor response to the pandemic have not only worsened the domestic violence crisis but also disrupted mental health services for domestic violence victims. While technology-based health solutions can overcome physical constraints posed by the pandemic and offer timely support to address domestic violence victims’ mental health issues. 
  • 700
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Functional MRI in Radiology
Although the international community for human brain mapping has met since 1995, the researchers fascinated by human brain function are still young and innovative. However, the impact of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on prognosis and treatment decisions is restricted, even though standardized methods have been developed. The tradeoff between the groundbreaking studies on brain function and the attempt to provide reliable biomarkers for clinical decisions is large. 
  • 696
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Investigating and Quantifying Food Insecurity in Nigeria
Given the recent increase in the number of Nigerians estimated to be at risk of food insecurity, it is crucial to explore the array of tools used to quantify food insecurity (FI). This exploration will help determine the prevalence and severity of FI in Nigeria. 
  • 696
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Update on Domestic Violence and Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is the leading cause of all deaths for Americans less than 44 years old, is defined as “an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force that may result in cognitive impairment". Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of domestic violence that is defined as “behaviors that are intended to exert power and control over another individual, including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and financial abuse, and/or stalking".
  • 694
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Religion and Health in Macau
Macau, a Portuguese colony until 1999, remains a diversified culture because of its intermixed historical background from the East and the West. Through structural equation modelling, the analysis of data collected from a representative sample of Macau residents, using a multistage stratified sampling procedure, indicated a positive link between religiosity and health. Moreover, altruism and prejudice mediated a portion of the relationship between religiosity and health. Additionally, Macau residents who were more religious had a higher level of altruism and a lower level of prejudice. The link between religion and prejudice in Macau differs from that of many other cultures, indicating that the effect of religion on prejudice varies by cultural context.
  • 692
  • 14 Sep 2022
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