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Topic Review
Genomic Classifier and Its Role in Supporting MDD
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung interstitium, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations and outcomes. Over the years, the literature has demonstrated the increased diagnostic accuracy and confidence associated with a multidisciplinary approach (MDA) in assessing diseases involving lung parenchyma. This approach was recently emphasized by the latest guidelines from the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Latin American Thoracic Association for the diagnosis of ILDs.
  • 341
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Highly Occupied Public Environments
A minimum of 30 m3/h per person is required in common environments. Highly occupied public environments gather a large number of people in some time periods, and an air supply of 20–30 m3/h per person is needed. In addition, the highly occupied public environments have larger spaces, the personnel activities are more complex, and the social distance is shorter. Personnel activities may increase the pollutant transmission distance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public safety in crowded places became a great concern.
  • 340
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Spermatozoon Effect on Embryo Development
The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique was invented to solve severe male infertility due to altered sperm parameters. It is applied worldwide for the treatment of couple infertility. ICSI is performed with any available spermatozoon from surgery or ejaculated samples, whatever are the sperm motility, morphology or quantity. The causes of male infertility are crucial in building a competent spermatozoa that will contribute to normal embryonic development and healthy offspring.
  • 340
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Exercise Timing on Fat Oxidation during Exercise
Due to increasingly diverse lifestyles, exercise timings vary between individuals: before breakfast, in the afternoon, or in the evening. The endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, which are associated with metabolic responses to exercise, show diurnal variations. Moreover, physiological responses to exercise differ depending on the timing of the exercise. The postabsorptive state is associated with greater fat oxidation during exercise compared to the postprandial state. The increase in energy expenditure persists during the post-exercise period, known as “Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption”.
  • 339
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between the Gut Virome and Metabolic Pathologies
The human gastrointestinal tract contains large communities of microorganisms that are in constant interaction with the host, playing an essential role in the regulation of several metabolic processes. Human adenovirus infection was identified as a significant risk factor for the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, in liver cirrhosis, gut virome (GV) alterations correlate with cirrhosis progression. The most widely investigated matter is the relationship between the GM and intestinal diseases, primarily inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although there is also a potential relation between GV and type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, hypertension, malnutrition and low growth rate, metabolic syndrome, liver diseases, colorectal cancer (CRC), melanoma, cognitive maintenance, and cerebral ischemia.
  • 339
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
Biomaterial Scaffolds Applied for Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic condition associated with significant neurological deficit and social and financial burdens. The advancements in biomaterial technology, combined with stem cell therapy or other regenerative therapy, can now accelerate the progress of promising novel therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. Various types of approaches to regeneration therapy for SCI have been combined with the use of supportive biomaterial scaffolds as a drug and cell delivery system to facilitate favorable cell–material interactions and the supportive effect of neuroprotection.
  • 339
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Monitoring Radiotherapy Toxicity
Radiotherapy (RT) is a major part of cancer treatment. The reported variability in patient response to this modality can interfere with the continuation of best-possible care, promote side effects, and lead to long-term morbidity. Tools to predict a patient’s response to radiation could be highly useful in improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing unnecessary and toxic exposure to radiation.
  • 339
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Use of Patient-Reported Data within Acute Healthcare Context
 Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and patient satisfaction surveys provide important information on how care can be improved. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems tool (HCAHPS) was used most frequently for measuring patient satisfaction. Where reported, data were applied to improve patient-centred care and utilization of health resources. Gaps in the use of patient data within hospital services are noticeable. Engaging management and improving staff capability are needed to overcome barriers to implementation.
  • 338
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Genetic Polymorphisms as Biomarkers of Susceptibility
A clean environment is fundamental to human health and well-being. However, environment can be a souce of  various stressors, such as bad quality of air, pollution, noise and hazardous substances affecting our health.The human health is also influenced by climate change, producing flood, heatwaves and presence of vector-borne disease affecting the global health. The climate changes, loss of biodiversity loss and land degradation contribute to impact the human well-being. Human health is influenced by various factors; these include genetic inheritance, behavioral lifestyle, socioeconomic and environmental conditions, and public access to care and therapies in case of illness, with the support of the national health system. All these factors represent the starting point for the prevention and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. However, it is not clear to what extent these factors may actually affect the health of an entire population. The exposures to environmental and occupational factors are several, most of which might be poorly known, contributing to influencing the individual health. Personal habits, including diet, smoking, alcohol, and drug consumption, together with unhealthy behaviors, may inevitably lead people to the development of chronic diseases, contributing to increase aging and decrease daily life expectancy. Despite such risks, humans should modify the bad habits in favour of virtuous habits. 
  • 337
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Farm Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Usage in Food Animals
With the limited alternatives for antimicrobials, farm biosecurity (and herd management) is considered a promising tool to mitigate the non-judicious AMU and to maintain animal health, production, and welfare.
  • 338
  • 25 May 2023
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