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Topic Review
Effect of Exercise on Brain Health
It has been well established in epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials that habitual exercise is beneficial for brain health, such as cognition and mental health. Generally, it may be reasonable to say that the physiological benefits of acute exercise can prevent brain disorders in late life if such exercise is habitually/chronically conducted. 
  • 357
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Pre-Conceptual Guidelines for Male Infertility
Male fertility is declining and affects approximately one in seven couples. Reasons for this are multi-factorial and the subject of on-going research, though environmental contaminants (such xenoestrogens) are believed to be contributory factors. Semen parameters can be improved through a healthy diet and nutritional supplementation has also been shown to improve semen parameters, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates significantly.
  • 357
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Preservation of Meat by Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains
Meat and some meat products are highly perishable due to their high-water content, pH, and high content of nutrients. Therefore, spoilage control in these products is one of the critical challenges in the food industry. On the other hand, the increasing widespread awareness about the undesirable effects of synthetic preservatives has promoted the breakthrough of the use of natural compounds or bio-preservation technology. Bio-preservation implies the application of microorganisms or their metabolites to extend the shelf life of food products. In this regard, according to the ancient and safe use of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), their application in the bio-preservation of meat and meat products is gaining more attention.
  • 357
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Regulation of EMT Process in Cancer Progression
A biological process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows epithelial cells to change into mesenchymal cells and acquire some cancer stem cell properties. EMT contributes significantly to the metastasis, invasion, and development of treatment resistance in cancer cells. Current research has demonstrated that phytochemicals are emerging as a potential source of safe and efficient anti-cancer medications. Phytochemicals could disrupt signaling pathways related to malignant cell metastasis and drug resistance by suppressing or reversing the EMT process.
  • 357
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Germline pathogenic variants in the Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) are responsible for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer accounts for 5–10% of all cases, phenotypically presenting with characteristics such as an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, earlier age of onset, bilateral tumours, male breast cancer, and ovarian tumours, among others. BRCA2 pathogenic variant is usually associated with other cancers such as melanoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Many rearrangements of different mutations were found in both genes, with some ethnic groups having higher frequencies of specific mutations due to founder effects.
  • 357
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
How Paediatric Pain Treatments Work
Clinicians have an increasing number of evidence-based interventions to treat pain in youth. Mediation analysis offers a way of investigating how interventions work, by examining the extent to which an intermediate variable, or mediator, explains the effect of an intervention.
  • 356
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Employability (SE)
Employability should concern not only competence development but also the actual possibility and ability to use those competencies to create concrete personally valuable work opportunities, promoting workers’ wellbeing. This way of thinking takes shape in the concept of sustainable employability (SE).
  • 356
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Constructing the Biobank as a Health Place
Biobanks have been established from the beginning of the millennium as relevant infrastructures to support biomedical research. These repositories have also transformed the paradigm of collecting and storing samples and associated clinical data, moving these practices from the healthcare services and research laboratories to dedicated services. Biobanks collect a wide range of samples such as blood, tissues removed in surgeries or biopsies, saliva, hair, teeth, and feces, among others, and these would be, in most of the cases, given by donors voluntarily aiming to contribute for the advancement of biomedical research. Regardless of their health status, every person could be a biobank donor with different attributes or functions. Biobanks store these large amounts of medical information and biological samples collected in healthcare services to be used in biomedical research. These two contexts—healthcare services and research laboratories—have a significant role in determining the chain of procedures through which samples are collected and organized.
  • 356
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Advances in Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation therapy that eliminates the need for internal device implantation, presenting as a favorable therapeutic option. This method relies on electrical surface stimulation, bypassing the need for surgical procedures.
  • 356
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Health Policies Based on Patient Satisfaction
Healthcare decision-makers increasingly face a changing and ever-evolving landscape, forcing them to formulate public policies based on the results from different scientific investigations. This entry evaluates the field of research on patient satisfaction as a basis for health policies. The analysis was carried out with a sample of 621 articles published between 2000 and 2020 in the Scopus database.
  • 355
  • 22 Nov 2021
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