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Topic Review
Persons Experiencing Homelessness during COVID-19
Persons experiencing homelessness are at heightened risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality from COVID-19. However, health consequences of the pandemic extend far beyond those directly caused by the virus, including fear of infection, access to housing, hygiene, PPE, food, as well as mental health, substance use, other health-related outcomes and treatment services.
  • 374
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Myocarditis in Athletes Recovering from COVID-19
To assess the event rates of myocarditis detected by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) in athletes who recovered from COVID-19. The prevalence of COVID-19-related myocarditis in the athletic population ranges from 1 to 4%. Even if the event rate is quite low, current screening protocols are helpful tools for a safe return to play to properly address CMR studies. 
  • 374
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Low-Resource Settings
The utilization of ultrasound imaging for early visualization has been imperative in disease detection, especially in the first responder setting. Rapid advancements in the underlying technology of ultrasound have allowed for the development of portable point-of-care ultrasounds (POCUS) with handheld devices. The application of POCUS is versatile, as seen by its use in pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neonatal imaging, among many others. However, despite these advances, there is an inherent inability of translating POCUS devices to low-resource settings (LRS). To bridge these gaps, the implementation of artificial intelligence offers an interesting opportunity. This entry reviews recent applications of POCUS devices within LRS from 2016 to 2023, identifying the most commonly utilized clinical applications and areas where further innovation is needed. Furthermore, the researchers pinpoint areas of POCUS technologies that can be improved using state-of-art artificial intelligence technologies, thus enabling the widespread adoption of POCUS devices in low-resource settings.
  • 374
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Endometriosis Application for a Quicker Diagnosis
Endometriosis is a disease in which uterine tissue grows outside the uterus. It can cause chronic pain and infertility in patients. Mobile health (mHealth), the practice of medicine from mobile devices, is being utilized across the healthcare field for screening, diagnostics, and treatment. MHealth is widely used in the field of OB/GYN. 
  • 374
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Blood Flow Restriction and Ocular Health
Despite the many health benefits of resistance training, it has been suggested that high-intensity resistance exercise is associated with acute increases in intraocular pressure which is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Therefore, resistance training using a variety of forms (e.g., resistance bands, free weights, weight machines, and bodyweight) may be harmful to patients with or at risk of glaucoma. An appropriate solution for such people may involve the combination of resistance training and blood flow restriction (BFR). During the last decade, the BFR (a.k.a. occlusion or KAATSU training) method has drawn great interest among health and sports professionals because of the possibility for individuals to improve various areas of fitness and performance at lower exercise intensities. 
  • 373
  • 08 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Controlling Upper Limb Prostheses Using Sonomyography
A ground-breaking study by Zheng et al. investigated whether ultrasound imaging of the forearm might be used to control a powered prosthesis, and the term “sonomyography” (SMG) was coined by the group. Ultrasound signals have recently garnered the interest of researchers in the area of HMIs because they can collect information from both superficial and deep muscles and so provide more comprehensive information than other techniques. Due to the great spatiotemporal resolution and specificity of ultrasound measurements of muscle deformation, researchers have been able to infer fine volitional motor activities, such as finger motions and the dexterous control of robotic hands.
  • 373
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Genus Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip.
Tripleurospermum, a prominent genus within the family Asteraceae, is recognized for its therapeutic potential in treating various ailments, including skin, digestive, and respiratory diseases; cancer; muscular pain; and stress and as a sedative. Through extensive phytochemical studies regarding the Tripleurospermum species, numerous chemical compounds have been identified and classified into distinct classes, predominantly encompassing terpenes, hydrocarbons, steroids, hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alcohols, acids, melatonin, and fragrant compounds.
  • 373
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Exploring Olive Pomace for Skincare Applications
The olive oil industry generates a large amount of liquid and semi-solid by-products such as olive pomace. Their phytotoxicity impairs safe disposal, so valorization strategies that promote by-product reuse are needed, which may include skincare products. Hydroxytyrosol is the main phenolic compound present in olive pomace and possesses biological effects that make it a desirable active compound for cosmetic formulations such as antioxidant and anti-aging activities as well as photoprotector, depigmenting, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions. Other compounds present in olive pomace can also have functional properties and skin-related benefits. However, the application of this by-product can be a challenge in terms of formulation’s design, stability, and proven efficacy, so appropriate methodologies should be used to validate its incorporation and may include extraction and further encapsulation of bioactive compounds in order to achieve effective and aesthetic appealing skincare products.
  • 373
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Fundamental/Longitudinal Life History Trade-Offs on Delay Discounting
Delay discounting (DD) was a product of two distinct life history trade-offs, reflecting both the trait-like quality and age-related development.  
  • 372
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
One Health Approach
The One Health approach incorporates human, animal, and plant health, as well as the health of their shared environment, for supporting a multidisciplinary and holistic approach that integrates monitoring, planning, and evaluation to optimize co-benefits and public health outcomes. In addition, the One Health approach supports global health by fostering coordination, collaboration, and communication among different sectors at the human–animal–environment interface to address common health threats such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food safety, zoonotic diseases, and several others.
  • 372
  • 21 Apr 2023
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