Topic Review
Conventional Event Tree Analysis on Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored in facilities located in urban areas and transported over public roads. A shift towards the broader use of LNG is economically and environmentally justified. Conventional event trees for LNG emergency release in three different units is a concept that is based on the physical and chemical properties of LNG. It has been designed with deep consideration and analysis of past experiences and real cases of LNG incidents. The idea of having training checkpoints, such as ‘decision points’ and ‘learning curve points’ in the continuum of a training or exercise enable the achievement of optimal learning objectives in a flexible way which take into account the trainee individual mental and physical disposition on a day, scalability of difficulty level as well as realistic scenario paths determined by the performance of the trainees facing concrete operational problems.
  • 807
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Pharmacovigilance Systems in Three Arab Countries
Pharmacovigilance (PV) is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as “the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem" and represents an important element of a country’s public health policies’ portfolio. Like other developing countries, PV systems in Arab countries are at different stages of maturity, with many still in the early stages of development. Recently, however, the importance of having a strong PV system in place has gained increased attention.
  • 463
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sunscreen-Derived Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Aquatic Environments
The active ultraviolet filters (UVFs) in sunscreens can be organic or inorganic and can reflect and scatter UVR, which protects human skin from direct sunlight radiation. However, sunscreen-derived inorganic UVFs are considered to be emerging contaminants; in particular, nZnO and nTiO2 UVFs have been shown to undergo absorption and bioaccumulation, release metal ions, and generate reactive oxygen species, which cause negative effects on aquatic organisms.
  • 649
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Educate the Public about Dental Trauma
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) of hard and soft tissues within and around the oral cavity are relatively common and occur as a result of accidents during sports or leisure activities, falls, blows by objects, interpersonal violence, and motor vehicle accidents. Appropriate actions taken immediately after a trauma have a great impact on prognosis and treatment options. Effective and efficient information about dental trauma seems to be essential and many tools can be used to educate layperson about TDI. 
  • 334
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Summaries of Product Characteristics
The Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) is a legal document, is one of the obligatory elements of the registration dossier of a medication, and is necessary to issue a marketing authorization for a medicinal product. The obligation to draw up a Summary of Product Characteristics is laid down in several European Parliament laws. The first documents were Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and the Council relating to medicinal products for human use, and Regulation 726/2004. The document was amended several times and finally replaced in 2004 by Directive 2004/27/EC.
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Hadron Therapy Achievements and Challenges
Protons and carbon ions (hadrons) have useful properties for the treatments of patients affected by oncological pathologies. They are more precise than conventional X-rays and possess radiobiological characteristics suited for treating radio-resistant or inoperable tumours. 
  • 645
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Telehealth and Artificial Intelligence during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Telemedicine enables clinical services to use information technology, video imaging, and telecommunication links to deliver healthcare services at a distance. In contrast to telemedicine, which is defined as the provision of medical services at a distance by a physician, telehealth is an umbrella word that encompasses telemedicine as well as a number of nonphysician services such as telenursing and telepharmacy. Telemedicine is often used for controlling chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and mental disorders.
  • 689
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bacteria in Healthcare Units
Healthcare units consist of numerous people circulating daily, such as workers, patients, and companions, and these people are vehicles for the transmission of microorganisms, such as bacteria. Bacteria species may have different allergenic, pathogenic, infectious, or toxic properties that can affect humans.
  • 554
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review Video
Plastic Waste Governance in Bangladesh
Plastic, an offer of modernity, is presenting a massive threat in altered forms, to our health and environment. Plastic does not only pollute the surface environment, fresh water, and marine ecosystems, but toxic elements released from plastics also percolate down the surface and contaminate groundwater, which we often use as ‘safe’ drinking water. This probable future risk is deeply rooted in the entire governance infrastructure of plastic waste which could potentially lead to contamination of groundwater. A recent study finds 81% of tap water samples collected worldwide contained plastic pollutants, which means that annually we may be ingesting between 3000 and 4000 microparticles of plastic from tap water.
  • 3.1K
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Modifiable predictors of vaccine hesitancy at the start of South Africa’s COVID-19 vaccination rollout have been identified here. These factors should be addressed by different stakeholders involved in the national immunization program through tailored communication and other effective strategies that increase vaccine literacy, reach low-income households, and engender confidence in government. 
  • 497
  • 04 Mar 2022
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