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Topic Review
Marine Cyanobacterial Peptides in Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent extracranial solid tumor in pediatric patients, originating from sympathetic nervous system cells. Metastasis can be observed in approximately 70% of individuals after diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. The current care methods used, which include surgical removal as well as radio and chemotherapy, are largely unsuccessful, with high mortality and relapse rates. Marine cyanobacteria are a key source of physiologically active metabolites, which have recently received attention owing to their anticancer potential. Marine peptides possess several advantages over proteins or antibodies, including small size, simple manufacturing, cell membrane crossing capabilities, minimal drug–drug interactions, minimal changes in blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, selective targeting, chemical and biological diversities, and effects on liver and kidney functions.
  • 436
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring healthcare professionals with SUD
In the past decades, monitoring programs have been developed for healthcare professionals with substance use disorders. We aimed to explore estimates of abstinence and work retention rates after participation in such monitoring programs. 
  • 436
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Plant-Derived Substances for Oral Health Care Products
Plant extracts are the current trend in the market, but it is also essential to consider their antibacterial, antioxidant, and sensory characteristics. Plant essential oils are constituted by secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, phenols, and aldehydes with antibacterial, antioxidant, and flavoring properties. Other industries take advantage of the essential oil properties; some examples of their applications are found in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
  • 436
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2—Questions and Experiences
Understanding immune reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 is essential for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we discuss experiences and open questions about the complex immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Some people react excellently without experiencing any clinical symptoms, they do not get sick, and they do not pass the virus on to anyone else (“sterilizing” immunity). Others produce antibodies, develop memory T cells, and do not get COVID-19 but transmit the virus to others (“protective” immunity). Some people get sick but recover. A varying percentage develops respiratory failure, systemic symptoms, clotting disorders, cytokine storms, or multi-organ failure; they subsequently decease. Some develop long COVID, a new, controversioal pathologic entity similar to fatigue syndrome or autoimmunity. In reality, COVID-19 is considered more of a systemic immune–vascular disease than a pulmonic disease, involving many tissues and the central nervous system. To fully comprehend the complex clinical manifestations, a profound understanding of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is a good way to improve clinical management of COVID-19. Although neutralizing antibodies are an established approach to recognize an immune status, cellular immunity plays at least an equivalent or an even more important role. However, reliable methods to estimate the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell capacity are not available for clinical routines. This deficit is important because an unknown percentage of people may exist with good memory T cell responsibility but a low number of or completely lacking peripheral antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Apart from natural immune responses, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 turned out to be very effective and much safer than naturally acquired immunity. Nevertheless, besides unwanted side effects of the currently available vector and mRNA preparations, concerns remain whether these vaccines will be strong enough to defeat the pandemic. Altogether, discussing important questions, and try to give answers based on the current knowledge and preliminary data from our laboratories. 
  • 436
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic Aquatic Exercise in Pregnancy
Aquatic physical exercise aimed at pregnant women has proliferated in recent years, thanks to the benefits provided by the aquatic environment, such as a decrease in gravitational pull, an improved sense of physical comfort, improved mobility and flexibility, reduction of post-exercise pain and an improvement of venous return due to the increased hydrostatic pressure.
  • 436
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Infections of the Orofacial Region
The natural flora of the mouth is very diverse. After the large intestine, it has the second highest complexity in terms of microorganisms, including more than 700 microorganisms. Each tissue has specific microbes that are different from adjacent tissues’ microbes. Still, these microbes can be displaced under certain conditions, such as the effects of cytotoxic drugs, oral cancer, or epithelial atrophy. The oral flora is divided into two categories, static and transient, which regularly balance with the host and protect against pathogenic microorganisms. The static flora on oral cavity surfaces is known as biofilm that can improve or protect oral health against pathogens, increase the virulence of potentially harmful microorganisms, and reduce the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. Infections caused by bacteria in the mouth include caries and periodontitis. Microorganisms can attack different parts of the mouth via different mechanisms.
  • 436
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Health Implications of Oxalates
Oxalate is an antinutrient present in a wide range of foods, with plant products, especially green leafy vegetables, being the main sources of dietary oxalates. This compound has been largely associated with hyperoxaluria, kidney stone formation, and, in more severe cases, systematic oxalosis. Due to its impact on human health, it is extremely important to control the amount of oxalate present in foods, particularly for patients with kidney stone issues.
  • 436
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Children Health and Air Pollution
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis links adverse fetal exposures with developmental mal-adaptations and morbidity later in life. Short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants are known contributors to health outcomes. Air pollution is an established risk factor for morbidity and mortality that affects the general population. The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis states that adverse fetal, infant, and childhood growth patterns are causally linked to disease development in adulthood. The literature on cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory, allergic, and neuropsychological health outcomes, from prenatal development through early childhood, associated with early-life exposures to outdoor air pollutants, including traffic-related and wildfire-generated air pollutants are summarized.
  • 435
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease in Czechia
Unlike the traditional adiposity and dysglycemia classifiers, which do not capture the complexity of cardiometabolic pathophysiology, the Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease (CMBCD) model was proposed to incorporate the natural history of the cardiometabolic disease in four stages: 1—risk; 2—pre-disease; 3—diseases; and 4—complications. The CMBCD model combines the dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity drivers into the chronic care model as DBCD  and ABCD, with the presence of earlier primary drivers (genetics, environment, and behavior) and later metabolic drivers (hypertension and dyslipidemia) impacting the eventual cardiovascular disease phenotype. The CMBCD model triggers proactive detection and stratification of subjects at risk using a culturally adapted approach to improve successful implementation and precision. 
  • 435
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Wandering in Patients with Dementia
Aberrant motor behaviour or wandering refers to aimless movement without a specific purpose. Wandering is common in patients with dementia and leads to early institutionalization and caregivers’ burden. Non-pharmacological interventions should be also considered as a first-line solution for the wandering because current pharmacological treatment has serious side-effects. 
  • 435
  • 20 Jan 2022
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