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Topic Review
NK Cells—the Immune System against Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the primary cancer with the highest incidence within the central nervous system. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role in immunosurveillance, acting alongside other immune cells in the response against various types of malignant tumors and the prevention of metastasis. NK cells are being exploited in many ways to treat cancer. The broad arsenal of NK-based therapies includes adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded and activated cells, genetically engineered cells to contain chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-NKs), in vivo stimulation of NK cells (by cytokine therapy, checkpoint blockade therapies, etc.), and tumor-specific antibody-guided NK cells, among others. 
  • 574
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Communication Skills in Dental Education
Effective communication skills, that is, accurate listening or observation and focused verbal or non-verbal response, enhances efficiency of diagnoses, ethical clinical decision making, positive clinical outcomes, promotes patient use of services, and patient–clinician satisfaction. It also helps to decrease patient anxiety and pain perception.
  • 574
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Effect of Facial Skin Temperature
The presence of stress and anxiety during simulation-based learning may affect the performance outcomes. This study takes advantage of infrared thermal imaging to study the relationship between differences in facial skin temperature and the perception of anxiety throughout a cardiac arrest simulated scenario. The analysis of facial temperature variations showed good correlations with either the anxiety scale or standard quality resuscitation parameters, showing consistent thermographic profiles for the forehead, maxillary and periorbital areas.
  • 572
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method
With the continuous aging of society, the demand among elderly citizens for care facilities is increasing. The accessibility of elderly care facilities is a significant indicator for evaluating whether the layout of urban elderly care facilities is reasonable, and research on the spatial accessibility of related facilities has become an important academic issue.
  • 572
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Lung Cancer Incidence and Socioeconomic Status
Lung cancer treatment and patient care continue to advance, yet concerns persist about whether these improvements are equally accessible to all socioeconomic groups. Socioeconomic disparities exist in lung cancer incidence, screening, effective treatment, overall survival, and prognosis. One of the key contributing factors to low socioeconomic status that is amenable to change is low education. Lower educational attainment is oftentimes linked to various factors, including smoking habits, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, lower paid and unhealthier occupations, exposure to environmental pollutants, and genetic-familial risks, all contributing to an elevated incidence of lung cancer.
  • 572
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Long-Term Impact of COVID-19
Post-COVID-19 patients may experience persistent chest CT abnormalities, decreased lung function, persistent fatigue, and respiratory symptoms, decreased functional capacity, and decreased quality of life up to 6 months after symptom onset or hospital discharge. On average, 8 out of 10 patients had returned to work or reported no work impairment at around 3 months of follow-up.
  • 572
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Types of Short Text on Social Media
The rapid expansion of social media platforms has resulted in an unprecedented surge of short text content being generated on a daily basis. The different types of short text on social media is essential for developing effective summarization techniques that cater to the unique characteristics of each platform and user interaction.
  • 575
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Emerging Flavored Oral Nicotine Pouches
Oral Nicotine Pouches (ONPs) are the new form of nicotine pouches that have become a type of emerging smokeless tobacco product sold by various tobacco companies. These smokeless tobacco products are marketed for usage all over as snus containing tobacco-derived nicotine (natural) or as tobacco-free nicotine (synthetic) as substitutes for other tobacco products. Based on perception and socio-behavioral aspects, ONPs have become popular tobacco products among adolescents/young adults, and over 50% of young adult users of ONP use flavored ONPs, such as menthol/mint, tobacco, dessert/candy, and fruity, which are the most popular flavors. Various new ONP flavors are currently popular locally as well as in the online market. Tobacco, menthol, and fruit-flavored ONPs could motivate cigarette smokers to change to ONPs. 
  • 572
  • 03 May 2023
Topic Review
Brain Immunoinformatics
Breakthrough advances in informatics of the last decade have thoroughly influenced the field of immunology. In particular, the immunoinformatics of the central neural system is referred to as neuroimmunoinformatics (NII). This interdisciplinary overview on NII is addressed to bioscientists and computer scientists. We delineate the dominating trajectories and field-shaping achievements and elaborate on future directions using a bridging language and terminology. Computation, varying from linear modeling to complex deep learning approaches, fuels neuroimmunology through three core directions. Firstly, by providing big-data analysis software for high-throughput methods such as next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies. Secondly, by designing models for the prediction of protein morphology, functions, and protein-protein interactions. Finally, NII boosts the output of quantitative pathology by enabling the automatization of tedious processes such as cell counting, tracing, and arbor analysis. Deep sequencing classifies microglia in “sensotypes” to accurately describe the versatility of immune responses to physiological and pathological challenges, as well as to experimental conditions such as xenografting and organoids. NII opts to individualize treatment strategies, personalize disease prognosis and treatment response.   
  • 571
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Preoperative Dietary Interventions in Patients with Excess Weight/Obesity
Preoperative VLCD and LCD interventions provided for one to three weeks to patients with overweight, obesity, higher amounts of visceral fat, or liver steatosis have potential to reduce operating time and blood loss during non-bariatric elective surgeries within the abdominal cavity, such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy, liver resection, and gastrectomy. Although the benefits were likely in studies that used dietary interventions longer than three weeks in other surgery types, they were less clear due to the lack of comparator groups and common surgical endpoints.
  • 571
  • 08 Nov 2021
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