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Topic Review
Human-Animal Interaction in Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI)s
Animal-assisted interventions (AAI)s are planned activities carried out in multidisciplinary teams with educational, therapeutic, and ludic-recreational purposes. The multidisciplinary and integrated character identifies AAIs as the expression of one health. While AAIs offer many advantages to subjects, they could be exposed to several zoonotic-pathogens transmissions. Therefore, positive animal welfare, as preventive medicine to avoid accidents or zoonotic transmissions, is a relevant aspect with implications for human and animal health and welfare. The knowledge of several pathogens causing zoonoses in the animal species employed during the AAIs, as well as the preventive measures aimed at reducing and/or preventing the risk, guarantee their safety for patients. 
  • 438
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Cancer Stem Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapy
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified and characterized in both hematopoietic and solid tumors. Many studies showed that CSCs can be identified and isolated by their expression of specific cell markers, such as ALDH, Nanog, Sox2, OCT3/4. The significance of CSCs with respect to tumor biology and anti-cancer treatment lies in their ability to maintain quiescence with very slow proliferation, indefinite self-renewal, differentiation, and trans-differentiation such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). The ability for detachment, migration, extra- and intravasation, invasion and thereby of completing all necessary steps of the metastatic cascade highlights their significance for metastasis. In addition, CSCs comprise the cancer cell populations responsible for tumor growth and cancer metastasis, resistance to anticancer therapies.
  • 357
  • 17 May 2023
Topic Review
Application for Food Plan Management Alzheimer Patients
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that affects many individuals, mainly in an older age group. Over time, it leads to other diseases that affect their autonomy and independence. The quality of food ingestion is a way to mitigate the disease and preserve the patient’s well-being, which substantially impacts their health.
  • 304
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Cholangiocarcinoma According to Different Etiologies
This scenario is even more complex in the context of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which encompasses an extremely heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA) biliary tree. The molecular heterogeneity of CCA has been observed not only when comparing iCCA and eCCA subtypes, but also among patients with the same cancer type (inter-patient heterogeneity), and even across the different topographic regions of the tumor from the same patient (intra-patient heterogeneity).
  • 316
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Impact of COVID-19 on Hospital Profit Compensation Activities
The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is still being felt, and little is known about the impact on hospital operations of the loss of outpatients and inpatients due to COVID-19 in many counties. Therefore exploring whether hospitals have adopted profit-compensation activities following the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in China in 2020. 2616589 inpatient records for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were extracted from 36 tertiary hospitals in a western province; a difference-in-difference event study design was used to estimate the dynamic impact of COVID-19 on total inpatient costs before and after the last confirmed case. An increase in mean total costs per patient of between 8.7% and 16.7% can be found in the first 25 weeks after urban reopening and return to normal hospitalization. It indicates that hospitals experienced profit compensating activity after the first wave of the outbreak in China in 2020, driven by the reduction in hospital admissions during that wave.
  • 174
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Specific Foods and Cancer Mortality
Many cancers are associated with poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excess weight. Improving any of these three lifestyle factors would likely reduce cancer deaths. 
  • 227
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
The African Wastewater Resistome
In Africa, the prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)  in wastewater is of particular concern due to the inadequate sanitation and wastewater treatment facilities, coupled with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture. 
  • 269
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Microneedles for SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination
Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Protective immunity is induced when the immune system is exposed to a vaccine formulation with appropriate immunogenicity. However, traditional injection vaccination is always accompanied by fear and severe pain. As an emerging vaccine delivery tool, microneedles overcome the problems associated with routine needle vaccination, which can effectively deliver vaccines rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the epidermis and dermis painlessly, inducing a strong immune response. In addition, microneedles have the advantages of avoiding cold chain storage and have the flexibility of self-operation, which can solve the logistics and delivery obstacles of vaccines, covering the vaccination of the special population more easily and conveniently. 
  • 316
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Rehabilitation of Gait and Balance in Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a congenital and permanent neurological disorder due to non-progressive brain damage that affects gross motor functions, such as balance, trunk control and gait. CP gross motor impairments yield more challenging right foot placement during gait phases, as well as the correct direction of the whole-body center of mass with a stability reduction and an increase in falling and tripping. For these reasons, robotic devices, thanks to their biomechanical features, can adapt easily to CP children, allowing better motor recovery and enjoyment. In fact, physiotherapists should consider each pathological gait feature to provide the patient with the best possible rehabilitation strategy and reduce extra energy efforts and the risk of falling in children affected by CP.
  • 340
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for treating a variety of age-related conditions, including ageing frailty. MSCs can differentiate into different cell lineages and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, that contain bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These EVs can deliver cargo to target cells and influence cellular processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, promoting tissue repair and regeneration.
  • 354
  • 09 May 2023
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