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Topic Review
Genomic Classifier and Its Role in Supporting MDD
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung interstitium, leading to a wide range of clinical manifestations and outcomes. Over the years, the literature has demonstrated the increased diagnostic accuracy and confidence associated with a multidisciplinary approach (MDA) in assessing diseases involving lung parenchyma. This approach was recently emphasized by the latest guidelines from the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Latin American Thoracic Association for the diagnosis of ILDs.
  • 254
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Palestinian Citizens of Israel's Compliance with COVID-19 Regulations
With the continuing surge of COVID-19 waves well into 2022, it has become increasingly clear that vaccination alone, which many expected would make the need for behavioral changes redundant, is not sufficient to restrain the spread of the virus and that the adoption of the behavioral changes recommended by public health services worldwide, in particular social distancing and mask wearing, will still be in the future an indispensable part of the strategy to restrict the contagion. 
  • 193
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sedentary Behavior in Aging Populations
Sedentary behavior poses a significant health risk to older adults. Sedentary behavior (SB) is known to be an essential part of the daily routine of older adults, exceeding eight hours per day. The concept is defined as any waking behavior that involves minimal energy expenditure (less than 1.5 metabolic equivalents) while sitting, leaning, or lying down. Higher levels of daily SB have been associated with significant health outcomes for adults, particularly older adults.
  • 473
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
BHLHE41/DEC2 in Non-Small Lung Cancer Development
The circadian rhythm-related genes BHLHE40/DEC1 and BHLHE41/DEC2 have various functions under different cell and tissue conditions. BHLHE41/DEC2 has been reported to be both a cancer-suppressive and an oncogenic gene during cancer development. The effects of BHLHE41/DEC2 on differentiation have been examined using Bhlhe41/Dec2 knockout mice and/or in vitro differentiation models, and research has been conducted using genetic analysis of tumor cells, in vitro analysis of cancer cell lines, and immunohistochemical studies of the clinical samples.
  • 325
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Aging and Quality of Life
The aging of the world’s population and the health problems accompanying it are becoming increasingly severe. Healthcare policies in developed countries focus on how to prevent and treat diseases associated with aging and how to maintain quality of life. Typical age-related diseases include deafness, cataracts, osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and dementia. Although the mechanisms by which these diseases develop differ, they are all caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time.
  • 350
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Iodine Deficiency Affecting Fetal Brain Development
An asymptomatic mild to moderate iodine deficiency and/or isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia might affect the development of the embryonal/fetal brain. There is sufficient evidence underlining the importance of an adequate iodine supply for all women of childbearing age in order to prevent negative mental and social consequences for their children. An additional threat to the thyroid hormone system is the ubiquitous exposure to endocrine disrupters, which might exacerbate the effects of iodine deficiency in pregnant women on the neurocognitive development of their offspring. 
  • 166
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Public Health Concerns Related to Pesticide Exposure
One of the major issues related to food safety is the lack of globally harmonized pesticide legislation and safety standards. Pesticide maximum residue levels (MRLs) in foods and feeds significantly differ, especially among developed and developing countries. The differences in regulations also cause trade issues since many developing countries use unauthorized pesticides or different MRLs.
  • 297
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Heart Rate Variability
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) describes the variation in the time interval between successive heartbeats. It is generally considered to be the result of an interaction between the heart and the brain, which is also called neuro-cardiac function. HRV is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), including the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
  • 291
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Low-Resource Settings
The utilization of ultrasound imaging for early visualization has been imperative in disease detection, especially in the first responder setting. Rapid advancements in the underlying technology of ultrasound have allowed for the development of portable point-of-care ultrasounds (POCUS) with handheld devices. The application of POCUS is versatile, as seen by its use in pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neonatal imaging, among many others. However, despite these advances, there is an inherent inability of translating POCUS devices to low-resource settings (LRS). To bridge these gaps, the implementation of artificial intelligence offers an interesting opportunity. This entry reviews recent applications of POCUS devices within LRS from 2016 to 2023, identifying the most commonly utilized clinical applications and areas where further innovation is needed. Furthermore, the researchers pinpoint areas of POCUS technologies that can be improved using state-of-art artificial intelligence technologies, thus enabling the widespread adoption of POCUS devices in low-resource settings.
  • 318
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomechanical, Healing and Therapeutic Effects of Stretching
Characterized in biomedical terms, stretching exercises have been defined as movements applied by external and/or internal forces to increase muscle and joint flexibility, decrease muscle stiffness, elevate the joint range of motion (ROM), increase the length of the “muscle–tendon” morpho-functional unit, and improve joint, muscle, and tendon movements, contraction, and relaxation.
  • 279
  • 04 Aug 2023
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