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Topic Review
Phenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants
Unlike other secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds are found in almost all plant cells. They hold functional significance not at the cell level, but at the level of the whole plant. The central enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) is inducible: due to the induction of the expression of coding genes, its activity increases sharply under the influence of stress factors. 
  • 222
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Interaction between Mealtime and Circadian Hormones
Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health.
  • 2.5K
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Tumor Microenvironment
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of molecules critical for cell development and growth regulation. Cancer creates and expands the Tumor Microenvironment, which in turn supports cancer progression.
  • 142
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Epidemiology of Osteoporosis in Men
Osteoporosis is called the ‘silent disease’ because, although it does not give significant symptoms when it is not complicated, can cause fragility fractures with severe short and long-term consequences until premature death. Men experiencing hip fractures have a higher likelihood of premature death than women during the hospital stay as well as after years from index event. 
  • 113
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Resistance with Infectious Diseases during Hajj
Hajj pilgrimage is a large mass gathering global event that may facilitate the spread and emergence of various infectious diseases as well as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in a local and global scenario. Planning and preparing for these public health issues is a challenging and complex process for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) health authorities. Despite multiple efforts for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases through longtime funding in education and medical care, the prevalence of infectious disease is still high among Hajj pilgrims. The commonly observed infectious diseases during Hajj include respiratory tract infections (influenza and pneumonia), urinary tract infections and skin infections that may necessitate the use of antimicrobials. Beta-lactams are used as a first-line treatment for hospital acquired infections as well as community acquired infections due to their broad-spectrum activity. However, most of the bacterial isolates such as Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and E. coli are resistant to beta-lactams. Irrational use of antimicrobials, lack of infection prevention practices and suboptimal healthcare access further exacerbate the risk of spreading AMR among Hajj pilgrims.
  • 614
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Root Canal Irrigation Methods
According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering root canals with approved solutions and activating them are essential parts of this operation.
  • 297
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Chemoprevention for Breast Cancer
Female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. Risk assessment helps to identify women at increased risk of breast cancer, allowing the adoption of a comprehensive approach to reducing breast cancer incidence through personalized interventions, including lifestyle modification, chemoprevention, intensified surveillance with breast imaging, genetic testing, counseling, and prophylactic surgeries. Primary prevention acts on modifiable risk factors to reduce breast cancer occurrence. Chemoprevention with tamoxifen, raloxifene, anastrozole, and exemestane has already shown benefits in decreasing breast cancer incidence in women at an increased risk for breast cancer.
  • 187
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases
The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide “rescue fuel” for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
  • 246
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Framework for Training Parkinson Nurses
Delivering healthcare to people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be challenging in face of changing care needs during a PD journey and a growing complexity. In this regard, integrative and personalized care models may foster flexible solutions to patients’ care needs whereas Parkinson Nurses (PN) may be pivotal facilitators. However, existing training frameworks do not include aspects of personalized care for PD although there is a great deal of literature on patient needs and the resulting care requirements. The conceptualization of a need-based training framework may thus be achieved by synthesizing theoretical concepts on care priorities from existing literature. Following, a novel framework for training PN is presented, which is based on a line of reasoning. In this approach, different hypotheses are formulated which then are integrated into a proposed model.
  • 560
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Vitamin D—Innate and Acquired Immunity
Globally, vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health problem—a pandemic—that has overtaken iron deficiency as the most common nutritional deficiency in the world. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with many chronic diseases and increases the risk of acute and worsened chronic infections. Both vitamin D and [25(OH]D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol], play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, and maintaining better health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections and developing autoimmunity. Individuals obtain optimal results by maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) (above 40 ng/mL in the population): this also minimizes community outbreaks and autoimmune disorders. In over 97.5% of people, this can be achieved through daily sun exposure (except in countries far from the equator during winter) or taking between 5,000 and 8,000 IU vitamin D supplements daily (average, ~70 to 90 IU/kg body weight). Only those with gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, or on medications that increase catabolism of vitamin D, and a few specific disorders require higher intake.
  • 979
  • 06 Sep 2023
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