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Topic Review
Canine Coronavirus
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is a positive-strand RNA virus generally responsible for mild-to-severe gastroenteritis in dogs. In recent years, new CCoVs with acquired pathogenic characteristics have emerged, turning the spotlight on the evolutionary potential of CCoVs. 
  • 307
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Cannabis Use
Cannabis is a natural drug that humans have been consuming for over 4000 years for medicinal, industrial and ritual purposes. More than 400 chemical compounds can be found in the cannabis plant, of which at least 144 are cannabinoids. Among the cannabinoid compounds, the most important one is tetrahydrocannabinol or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC or Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Recently, the increase in its use, both medicinal and recreational, its progressive legalization and the change in the cannabis market have caused a greater interest in the research of this drug.
  • 409
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
CAR-T-cell Therapy
Studies describing invasive fungal infections (IFIs) after chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T-cell) therapy are limited. Although post-CAR-T-cell IFIs appear to be uncommon, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Specific risk factors for IFIs in CAR-T-cell recipients have not been fully characterized and are often extrapolated from variables contributing to IFIs in patients with other hematologic malignancies or those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant. Optimal prophylaxis strategies, including the use of yeast versus mold-active azoles, also remain ill-defined. Further research should investigate key risk factors for IFIs and establish an evidence-based approach to antifungal prophylaxis in these patients in order to improve clinical outcomes.
  • 542
  • 31 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Dots-Mediated Fluorescent Scaffolds
Regeneration of damaged tissues or organs is one of the significant challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many researchers have fabricated various scaffolds to accelerate the tissue regeneration process. However, most of the scaffolds are limited in clinical trials due to scaffold inconsistency, non-biodegradability, and lack of non-invasive techniques to monitor tissue regeneration after implantation. Recently, carbon dots (CDs) mediated fluorescent scaffolds are widely explored for the application of image-guided tissue engineering due to their controlled architecture, light-emitting ability, higher chemical and photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
  • 967
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Footprints of Active and Non-Active Transport Modes
Carbon footprint is defined as the exclusive total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that are directly or indirectly caused by an activity or accumulated over the lifespan of a product. This definition suggests that a carbon footprint can be generated directly or indirectly by an individual through daily behaviours. 
  • 382
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Epilepsy
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO2/HCO3. Thus, they are involved in those physiological and pathological processes in which cellular pH buffering plays a relevant role. The inhibition of CAs has pharmacologic applications for several diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Carcinogenic Effects of Formaldehyde Occupational Exposure
Formaldehyde is a chemical compound present in many working activities and indoor workplaces. Occupational exposure occurs primarily by inhaling airborne formaldehyde, but it can also be absorbed through the skin or ingested. Formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen in 2004, as of today is widely used in many work activities. The evidence of correlation between formaldehyde occupational exposure and the occurrence of cancer is limited. Recent evidence suggest that its carcinogenicity should be re-evaluated, especially in view of current exposure limits.
  • 569
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Cardiometabolic Risk and Chronobiology
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious health and economic burden worldwide. Modifiable lifestyle factors are a focus of research into reducing the burden of CVD, with diet as one of the most investigated factors. Specifically, the timing and regularity of food intake is an emerging research area, with approaches such as time-restricted eating (TRE) receiving much attention. 
  • 358
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease in Czechia
Unlike the traditional adiposity and dysglycemia classifiers, which do not capture the complexity of cardiometabolic pathophysiology, the Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease (CMBCD) model was proposed to incorporate the natural history of the cardiometabolic disease in four stages: 1—risk; 2—pre-disease; 3—diseases; and 4—complications. The CMBCD model combines the dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity drivers into the chronic care model as DBCD  and ABCD, with the presence of earlier primary drivers (genetics, environment, and behavior) and later metabolic drivers (hypertension and dyslipidemia) impacting the eventual cardiovascular disease phenotype. The CMBCD model triggers proactive detection and stratification of subjects at risk using a culturally adapted approach to improve successful implementation and precision. 
  • 404
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Risk of Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy, as a hormone-based treatment, comes with a few side effects. Some of the most common include decreased bone density and fracture, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, hot flashes, metabolic effects (weight gain, increased body fat, insulin resistance), and cardiovascular (CV) effects. Recent research has focused on the increased risk of CV events associated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) . Numerous studies have found increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, arrhythmia, hypertension, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in men receiving ADT. Cardiovascular disease is already the second leading cause of death in men with prostate cancer. It is estimated that two-thirds of men with prostate cancer (PCa) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is crucial to mitigate increased CV risk in a patient population already at high-risk for CVD.
  • 243
  • 27 Apr 2023
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