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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Monitoring healthcare professionals with SUD
In the past decades, monitoring programs have been developed for healthcare professionals with substance use disorders. We aimed to explore estimates of abstinence and work retention rates after participation in such monitoring programs. 
  • 406
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Natural Polyphenols and Cancer
Natural compounds with anticancer properties are capable of killing transformed or cancerous cells without being toxic to healthy cells. Most fruits and vegetables consumed with food are made up of bioactive molecules belonging to the family of polyphenols, a group of natural compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom; this group is varied, and to date, more than 8000 phenolic structures are known. Polyphenols are classified according to chemical structure, and their subdivision is represented in.
  • 406
  • 04 Nov 2021
Topic Review
The Early Days of Personal Solar Ultraviolet Dosimetry
In the early 1970s, environmental conservationists were becoming concerned that a reduction in the thickness of the atmospheric ozone layer would lead to increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at ground level, resulting in higher population exposure to UV and subsequent harm, especially a rise in skin cancer. At the time, no measurements had been reported on the normal levels of solar UV radiation which populations received in their usual environment, so this lack of data, coupled with increasing concerns about the impact to human health, led to the development of simple devices that monitored personal UV exposure. 
  • 405
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Risk of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer accounts for approximately 18.4% of the total cancer-related deaths, the highest of all cancer types. The prognosis of lung cancer is relatively unfavorable compared to that of other malignancies, and as a prognosis largely depends on the stage of onset, thus, the early diagnosis of lung cancer is very important. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a known risk factor for lung cancer.
  • 405
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Linear Motor Driven Leg-Press Dynamometer
Regarding the acute responses after leg-press strength training with or without serial stretch-loading stimuli, visible changes were observed in the muscle force, rate of force development, and hormonal concentrations between pre- and postmenopausal women (only one study). Long-term studies revealed different training adaptations after performing leg-press strength training with unique serial stretch-loading stimuli. A positive trend for leg-press strength training with serial stretch-loading was recorded in the young population and athletes; however, more variable training effects favoring one or the other approach were achieved in the older population.
  • 405
  • 26 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Static Stretching Exercises
The utility of flexibility as a standard component of physical fitness has recently been questioned, sparking a heated debate among scientists. Rsearchers conducted a narrative review of the existing knowledge and concluded that flexibility deserves to be further considered as a standard component of physical fitness. This is based on the findings that in addition to flexibility, long-term static stretching training induces positive effects on muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle hypertrophy, irrespective of age and sex. There are also indications that long-term static stretching training could mitigate the risk of injury. Furthermore, promising evidence shows that combining resistance training with static stretching exercises constitutes an effective approach benefiting muscle strength and hypertrophy more than resistance training alone. Overall, researchers would not support the recent suggestion that flexibility should be retired as a standard component of physical fitness and researchers would advocate for a continuous emphasis on the prescription of stretching exercises.
  • 405
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Benefits of Exercise for Lowering Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity
Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to and delayed recovery from stress increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the future. It is evident that exercise training and aerobic fitness are associated with reduced cardiovascular reactivity and enhanced recovery from stress, but the effects with acute exercise are less characterized. This research sought to explore the range and variety of available studies using acute exercise to lower stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity and recovery. In general, acute exercise particularly of the moderate-intensity, aerobic type effectively reduced stress-induced Blood pressure (BP) reactivity in the healthy population and in those with high blood pressure. This shows that with just a single bout of exercise can help to lower cardiovascular reactivity in response to stress without having to undergo extensive exercise training. Further research would be recommended to establish if other forms of exercise intensity or type are equally beneficial to lower exaggerated cardiovascular responses to stress.
  • 404
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Relationship between Personality Traits and COVID-19 Anxiety
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a lot of fear and anxiety globally. The current study attempted to investigate the association among the big five personality traits and the two factors of COVID-19 pandemic anxiety (fear and somatic concern). Further, sleep quality as a mediator between personality traits and pandemic anxiety was also assessed. The study involved a cross-sectional sample of 296 adult Indians who were administered the 10-item short version of BFI along with the COVID-19 Pandemic Anxiety Scale and Sleep Quality Scale. Path analysis was used to test the theoretical model that we proposed. The overall model has explained 6% and 36% of the variance, respectively, for the factors of fear and somatic concern of COVID-19 pandemic anxiety. The path analysis model indicated that only the trait of neuroticism showed a significant direct and indirect effect on pandemic anxiety in the sample. Those scoring high on neuroticism indicated high levels of fear as well as somatic concern. Neuroticism also showed partial mediation through sleep quality on the factor of somatic concern. Agreeableness was the only other personality trait that indicated a significantly negative relationship with the factor of somatic concern. These relationships were independent of age, gender, and occupational status. These findings provide a preliminary insight into the slightly different relationship which has emerged between personality and COVID-19 pandemic anxiety in comparison to general anxiety. 
  • 404
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Common Vaccines against COVID-19
To date, multiple COVID-19 vaccines have been granted emergency use authorization, including inactivated vaccines, adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. These vaccines have different technical principles, which will necessarily lead to differences in safety and efficacy.
  • 404
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention of Pediatric OCD
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive, repeated and persistent thoughts, desires or images, with subsequent repetitive behaviors or thinking patterns that the individual performs in an attempt to decrease the anxiety or distress or simply according to rigid rules (i.e. compulsions).As a distinctive subtype of OCD, pediatric-onset OCD affects around 2% to 4% of children and adolescents. Considering that children and adolescents are in a critical stage of physical and cognitive development, the onset of OCD during this period may lead to additional developmental disruptions.There is an urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment for OCD, especially the strategies targeting the childhood age group. 
  • 404
  • 11 Apr 2023
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