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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Music and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychiatric disorder, which can be associated with music-related symptoms. Music may also be used as an adjunct treatment for OCD. Patients with OCD might benefit from music therapy, which includes listening to music.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Mupirocin in Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) have increased problematically in hospital and ambulatory settings due to the poor immunity of hosts and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Mupirocin (MUP), a global topical antibiotic, is used for the treatment of SSTIs caused by various pathogens due to its unique mechanism of action. However, the therapeutic efficiency of MUP is hampered due to the protein binding and drug resistance caused by frequent use. A combined report covering the various aspects of MUP, such as the synthesis of the novel formulation, loading of the drug, and application against various skin infections, is missing. 
  • 441
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Multitoxin Contamination
Mycotoxins, as natural products of molds, are often unavoidable contaminants of food and feed, to which the increasingly evident climate changes contribute a large part. The consequences are more or less severe and range from economic losses to worrying health problems to a fatal outcome. One of the best preventive approaches is regular monitoring of food and feed for the presence of mycotoxins. However, even under conditions of frequent, comprehensive, and conscientious controls, the desired protection goal may not be achieved. In fact, it often happens that, despite favorable analytical results that do not indicate high mycotoxin contamination, symptoms of their presence occur in practice. The most common reasons for this are the simultaneous presence of several different mycotoxins whose individual content does not exceed the detectable or prescribed values and/or the alteration of the form of the mycotoxin, which renders it impossible to be analytically determined using routine methods. When such contaminated foods enter a living organism, toxic effects occur.
  • 158
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome after COVID-19 Infection
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly emerged as a global pandemic, placing imminent stress and burden on healthcare resources and workers worldwide. Many patients who present with a severe COVID-19 infection are at high risk of developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), leading to a vast number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation and a high mortality rate. Similar to Middle East respiratory syndrome, COVID-19 demonstrates an initial viral replication phase that manifests as a variety of symptoms typically flu-like in nature, followed by a profound inflammatory response leading to rapid production of cytokines and uncontrolled inflammation. 
  • 305
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Multistakeholder Participation in Disaster Management
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting society’s health, economy, environment and development. COVID-19 has claimed many lives across the globe and severely impacted the livelihood of a considerable section of the world’s population. We are still in the process of finding optimal and effective solutions to control the pandemic and minimise its negative impacts. In the process of developing effective strategies to combat COVID-19, different countries have adapted diverse policies, strategies and activities and yet there are no universal or comprehensive solutions to the problem. In this context, this paper brings out a conceptual model of multistakeholder participation governance as an effective model to fight against COVID-19. Accordingly, the current study conducted a scientific review by examining multi-stakeholder disaster response strategies, particularly in relation to COVID-19. The study then presents a conceptual framework for multistakeholder participation governance as one of the effective models to fight against COVID-19. 
  • 1.5K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Multiple Sclerosis and Sodium Toxicity
Salt intake is associated with multiple sclerosis; however, controversial findings that challenge this association rely primarily on methods that do not measure total sodium storage within the body, such as food surveys and urinary sodium excretion. In contrast, tissue sodium concentrations measured with sodium MRI confirm high sodium levels in multiple sclerosis, suggesting a role for sodium toxicity as a risk factor for the disease.
  • 210
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Multiparametric US-US Methodological Standards
Testicular lesions (TLs) are challenging clinical or ultrasound findings. When large, hard palpable lumps, TL management is mainly clinical, requiring conventional color-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) to confirm that they are solid, vascularized lesions suggesting malignancy. However, when their CDUS characteristics are uncertain or when nonpalpable, multiparametric US (mp-US) (i.e., the combination of CDUS and more recent US techniques such as contrast-enhanced US and sonoelastography) plays a key role in their characterization, aimed at differentiating benign from malignant TL. This is relevant, since TLs are frequent, testicular tumors are the most common malignancies in young men, and the accurate assessment of a TL is critical to define its correct management including testicular salvage and US follow-up or orchiectomy. 
  • 154
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Multimorbidity Prevention in Low and Middle Income Countries
Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are experiencing a fast-paced epidemiological rise in clusters of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, forming an imminent rise in multimorbidity. However, preventing multimorbidity has received little attention in LMICs, especially in Sub-Saharan African Countries. Multimorbidity may be preventable in LMICs if addressed early, especially lifestyle prevention. Lifestyle preventative strategies should be based on the understanding of local determinants of multimorbidity in LMICs, and person-centred intervention approaches.
  • 866
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome and increased life expectancy, approaching that of the general population. However, people living with HIV have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular diseases despite long-term viral suppression using ART. HIV-associated cardiovascular complications encompass a broad spectrum of diseases that involve the myocardium, pericardium, coronary arteries, valves, and systemic and pulmonary vasculature. Traditional risk stratification tools do not accurately predict cardiovascular risk in this population. Multimodality imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of various HIV-related cardiovascular complications. 
  • 378
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Multi-Task Mode on Cognition and Lower Limb Function
The application of multi-tasking (MT), especially dual-tasking (DT), in frail older adults is currently gaining attention. DT can be used as a test to assess cognitive and lower limb function in the frail population and that an MT (DT) training program with an intervention period of ≥3 months or a duration of ≥60 min per session could improve cognitive and lower limb function in the frail population, thereby reducing the risk of falls.
  • 126
  • 07 Dec 2023
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