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Topic Review
Mycotoxins in the Context of HBM4EU Initiative
Mycotoxins are natural metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate food and feed worldwide. They can pose a threat to human and animal health, mainly causing chronic effects, e.g., immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Due to climate change, an increase in European population exposure to mycotoxins is expected to occur, raising public health concerns. This urges researchers to assess the current human exposure to mycotoxins in Europe to allow monitoring exposure and prevent future health impacts. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were considered as priority substances to be studied within the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) to generate knowledge on internal exposure and their potential health impacts.
  • 307
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Role of IMs for Evaluation of DW Safety
Water safety and quality are essential for human development, well-being, and ecosystem health. Ensuring access to safe water is one of the most effective measures to promote health and reduce poverty. The contamination level of raw water directly influences the efficiency of drinking water (DW) treatment, subsequently impacting the quality of the produced DW. The microbiological quality assessment of DW and drinking water sources (DWSs) is based on the detection of indicator microorganisms (IMs). However, the relationship between IMs and pathogens has been questioned, as pathogens have been detected even in the absence of IMs, and vice versa.
  • 306
  • 04 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Emotional Regulation Interventions on Developmen for Preterm Children
Children born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation) show a specific vulnerability for socio-emotional difficulties, which may increase the likelihood of developing behavioral and psychiatric problems in adolescence and adulthood. The significant advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine over the past mean that most of these infants now survive to adulthood. Consequently, the focus of research has shifted from increasing survival rates to enhancing the quality of life and improving outcomes for these infants. It has been noticed that there is an increased risk of cognitive, behavioral, socio-emotional, speech, motor or sensory impairment in the long run. Furthermore, long-term overall function depends on healthy socio-emotional functioning; at the same time, preterm children present more behavioral and emotional problems than their full-term counterparts. The difficulties with the increasing requests, increasingly complex and demanding, will affect the learning, self-esteem and social development of the child and future adolescent.
  • 306
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
In Vitro Digestion of Persimmon and Derived Products
In vitro digestion is widely used to study the gastrointestinal behavior of foods. It reproduces the human physiological gastrointestinal process in the laboratory in a controlled and reproducible way.
  • 306
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
OTFT Monitoring in Complex Body Fluid Environments
People are becoming more concerned about their physical health and putting forward higher requirements for an early and painless diagnosis of diseases. Traditional methods, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS), and colorimetric methods have been used for the detection of biomarkers with high selectivity and sensitivity; however, these methods still need to be further improved for immediate and rapid diagnosis. Herein, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs)-based biosensors offer the advantages of good flexibility, low-cost fabrication, reasonable sensitivity, and great biocompatibility for efficient determination of biomarkers in complex samples, including saliva, sweat, urine, and blood, respectively, exhibiting great potential in early disease diagnosis and clinical treatment.
  • 306
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Prebiotics and on Their Health Effects
Prebiotic compounds were originally defined as “a nondigestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon, and thus improves host health”; however, a significant modulation of the definition was carried out in the consensus panel of The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), and the last definition states that “prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit”. 
  • 306
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The African Wastewater Resistome
In Africa, the prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)  in wastewater is of particular concern due to the inadequate sanitation and wastewater treatment facilities, coupled with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture. 
  • 305
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Symptom Burden in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the sixth leading cause of death in the United States in 2022 and the third leading cause of death in England and Wales in 2022, is associated with high symptom burden, particularly dyspnoea. Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome associated with an increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.
  • 305
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Febrile Diseases with Fuzzy Cognitive Map
Febrile diseases are fever-based diseases with similar and overlapping symptoms that are often confusable and difficult to differentiate. They are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, and evaporation contribute immensely to promoting the spread. The fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) model to serve as a decision-support tool for medical health workers in the diagnosis of febrile diseases. 
  • 305
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Antifungal-Resistance Mechanisms of Aspergillus spp
Infections due to the Aspergillus species constitute an important challenge for human health. Invasive aspergillosis represents a life-threatening disease, mostly in patients with immune defects. Drugs used for fungal infections comprise amphotericin B, triazoles, and echinocandins. However, an increased emergence of azole-resistant Aspergillus strains has been reported, principally belonging to Aspergillus fumigatus species. Therefore, both the early diagnosis of aspergillosis and its epidemiological surveillance are very important to establish the correct antifungal therapy and to ensure a successful patient outcome.
  • 305
  • 17 Nov 2023
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