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Topic Review
Ocular Surface Infection Mediated Molecular Stress Responses
Infection mediated ocular surface stress responses are activated as early defense mechanisms in response to host cell damage. Integrated stress responses initiate the host response to different types of infections and modulate the transcription of key genes and translation of proteins. The crosstalk between host and pathogen results in profound alterations in cellular and molecular homeostasis triggering specific stress responses in the infected tissues. The amplitude and variations of such responses are partly responsible for the disease severity and clinical sequelae. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of ocular infections is important for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • 311
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pneumonia and Lung Cancer
Oncological patients are more prone to present severe forms of COVID-19 pneumonia and are subject to worse complications. Radiologists have the challenging role of suggesting a differential diagnosis with lung cancer and treatment-induced lung diseases or suggesting an overlap between these pathologies. Despite similarities or overlapping findings, the combination of clinics and some specific radiological findings, which are also identified by comparison with previous and follow-up CT scans, may guide differential diagnosis.
  • 973
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Glioblastoma Cells
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain cancer in adults. GBM starts from a small fraction of poorly differentiated and aggressive cancer stem cells (CSCs) responsible for aberrant proliferation and invasion. Due to extreme tumor heterogeneity, actual therapies provide poor positive outcomes, and cancers usually recur. Therefore, alternative approaches, possibly targeting CSCs, are necessary against GBM.
  • 871
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Ireland's Experience of Covid-19 and Eating Disorders
Irish society went into one of the most stringent lockdowns in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and barring a few weeks, remains highly restricted at time of writing. This has produced a wide range of challenges for those affected by eating disorders, as well as treatment services and Bodywhys, The Eating Disorders Association of Ireland. Current research indicates that COVID-19 has impacted across three key areas—the experience of those with an eating disorder, the experience of service provision, and the impact on the family situation.
  • 422
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
CAD/CAM Diagnostic Esthetic Functional Splint (DEFS)
DEFS (Diagnostic Esthetic Functional Splint), namely CAD/CAM manufactured, “snap-retained”, tooth-colored splints available by materials exhibiting a certain degree of elasticity (like polycarbonates or acetal resins) for restoring function, esthetics and occlusion in several clinical situations, before or as an intermediate alternative to undergoing the final treatment.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Effect of Exercise on Brain Health
It has been well established in epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials that habitual exercise is beneficial for brain health, such as cognition and mental health. Generally, it may be reasonable to say that the physiological benefits of acute exercise can prevent brain disorders in late life if such exercise is habitually/chronically conducted. 
  • 344
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
VISTA, PDL-L1, and BRAF—Markers in Prognosis of Melanoma
Melanoma is currently known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. T cell Activation (VISTA) is a novel target that is considered to be highly important in determining the invasive potential and treatment response of a melanoma. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a marker with whose importance has been revealed in multiple types of malignancies.
  • 438
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sex Disparity in Cardiovascular Disease
Among cardiovascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) shows significant differences in occurrence rate, prognosis and efficacy of treatment between male and female patients. Genomics and epigenomics approaches together with epidrugs design and drug repositioning could fill the sex-gap.
  • 439
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
β-Carotene Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
β-carotene is widely available in plant-based foods. β-carotene supplementation had no beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and potential harmful effects on CVD mortality. 
  • 972
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
History of Human Movement Studies
Knowing the genesis of ideas is important to understand why we are studying a topic. This topic review is an historical excursus about the origin of movement studies, following the ideas of Aristotle until positivism. The main ideas at the origin of biomechanical studies are historically reviewed, with special focus on the enlightment era. Key figures at the origin of movement studies were presented, together with the main ideas they introduced, most of which are still at the basis of modern research in the field of biomechanics. The entry can be of interest for all professionals working in the field of human and animal movement studies.
  • 2.6K
  • 29 Mar 2022
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