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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Residential Segregation
Residential segregation refers to the disproportionate distribution of population groups across a geographical area. Groups can be segregated on the basis of any characteristic (such as occupation, income, religion, age or ethnicity) and at any geographical scale. In most cases, segregation is, however, measured with regard to residential areas of a city. The extent of the unequal distribution of selected characteristics can be expressed by different statistical measures. Sociologists, economists and demographers have long studied how social groups tend to be differentiated in residential space and developed a broad range of explanations. As a consequence, segregation has been explained by a variety of theories, which are discussed in this paper. The topics examined by empirical research include temporal dynamics, geographical patterns, societal causes and effects on life chances. This entry focuses on major conceptual facts regarding residential segregation and only marginally discusses the methodological issues connected with its measurement.
  • 493
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Walking Behavior in Urban Park Environment
The design characteristics of urban parks’ pathways are important in facilitating leisure walking and maintaining the minimum rate of physical activity, thus improving public health.
  • 100
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Research Trends in Resilience and Vulnerability Studies
While the definition of resilience is disputed or even fuzzy, due in no small part to the diversity of its applications, the concept generally involves the ability to withstand and bounce back from shocks; vulnerability as a related concept involves the tendency to suffer from shocks, given existing characteristics that may prevent resilient responses. Vulnerabilities put individuals, groups, and societies at greater risk and disadvantage, suggesting a need not only for disaster response and recovery, but mitigation and preparedness. Resilience and vulnerability research has recently focused on the role of government, the COVID-19 pandemic, and flood hazards; topics of interest have also included resilience of rural and urban areas, development and sustainability, and displacement and migration.
  • 211
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Liminality as a Theoretical Tool in Historic Cities
The methods of urban revitalisation in historic cities may include several approaches, from mere preservation to physical intervention or a combination of both. Since Middle Eastern historic cities exist as a transitional phenomenon, spatial liminality is identified as an epistemological tool for their investigation. 
  • 195
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Internet of Things in Smart Cities
The widespread diffusion of internet-based information communication technologies (ICT) has profoundly impacted city governance, thereby leading to higher energy efficiency, green production, and sustainable development. On the other hand, the spatial effect of these digital technologies has attracted extensive discussion. Digital technology has revolutionized the methods and the cost of information transmission, enabling a massive amount of information to be accessed without time and distance constraints.
  • 129
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Conflict Between Humans and Urban Coyotes
Coyotes live in most major cities across North and Central America. As their habitat shrinks, human–coyote interactions increase, spurring debate about how to respond. Residents often fear coyotes and want extermination, but scientists argue they are a permanent fixture that play a vital ecosystem role and that eradicating them does not work and has negative impacts. Instead, ecologists argue that residents need to change their behavior to coexist with coyotes. Human–coyote sightings and interactions are becoming more frequent in urban areas across North and Central America. While many species have lost territory, the coyote range has expanded. Relatively recently, ecologists have coalesced around the idea that coexistence is the most promising avenue to reduce human–coyote conflict in urban areas. Despite this, calls for the eradication of coyotes continue. 
  • 267
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Urban Vacant Land
Rising housing prices and the growing impacts of climate change demand a rethinking of the revision of consolidated paths to housing development in cities. The mutual influence between urban housing and climate resilience policies is indeed one of the most pressing topics to rediscuss the contemporary form of cities. Indeed, the literature widely agrees that a more environmentally conscious urban form implies denser, mixed-use neighborhoods than the mono-functional districts that have characterized most modern cities. At the same time, the need for compact urban environments must coexist with the emergence of climate resilience features that require more open-to-nature layouts to implement passive strategies and on-site green infrastructure.
  • 207
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Achieving Healthy City Development in Ghana
A growing number of proposals, policies, projects, practices, and methodologies have been undertaken globally to achieve social, economic, and environmental sustainability in urban areas. This is due to the recent appreciation of human capital development, healthy living standards, and the benefits of safeguarding the ecosystem against eminent threats of pollution. The Local Government Act 2016 (Act 936) of Ghana places the District Assemblies (DAs) at the forefront of planning, executing, and managing policies concerning the districts (i.e., cities, and towns). 
  • 252
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Short-Term Rental and Its Classification
The rise of short-term rental (STR) platforms such as Airbnb in the past decade has brought about significant changes in the tourism industry. To be specific, these platforms have transformed the way people travel by directly connecting hosts and guests, providing individuals and property owners with the opportunity to offer their homes or spare rooms for short-term stays. This shift has offered a wide range of lodging options to travelers in terms of price and location, allowing travelers to choose accommodations that suit their preferences and budgets. This variety has resulted in increased tourism demand and has contributed to the local economy, particularly in rural areas that heavily rely on tourism as a vital source of income and employment. The accessibility and affordability of STRs have attracted tourists who seek unique experiences and a more intimate connection with the local culture and community.
  • 92
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Scale of Urbanism
While scale is an essential factor in discussions about sustainable cities, there is no common understanding of what scale is or how it should be measured. Understanding scale and how it changes may shed light on answering a number of questions, such as how scale impacts livability, pedestrian quality, access, affordability, or crime. In order to delve into these and other scale-related topics, urbanists need an approach to scale measurement and analysis.
  • 121
  • 06 Sep 2023
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