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Topic Review
Total Joint Arthroplasty Failure
Total joint arthroplasty is a common restorative surgery. Arthroplasty failure is a major complication of joint replacement surgery. It can be caused by periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or non-infectious etiologies, and often requires surgical intervention and (in select scenarios) resection and reimplantation of implanted devices. Fast and accurate diagnosis of PJI and non-infectious arthroplasty failure (NIAF) is critical to direct medical and surgical treatment.
  • 289
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
TiO2 Used for Better Performance as Orthopedic Implants
Titanium dioxide (TiO2)  is the native oxide layer of Ti which has good biocompatibility as well as enriched physical, chemical, electronic, and photocatalytic properties. The formed nanostructures during fabrication and the enriched properties of TiO2 have enabled various functionalization methods to combat the micro-organisms and enhance the osteogenesis of Ti implants. 
  • 332
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Therapy of the Rheumatic Knee
In rheumatoid arthritis, the joints of the lower extremities are almost always affected. This is most conspicuous in the knee joint. In rheumatics, inflammatory osteoarthritis manifests itself comparably earlier than in patients with osteoarthritis. The focus of attention was primarily on the synovia with its destruction process and secondary changes. Now, driven by experimental research, dendritic cells and fibroblasts and molecular features are moving into the clinician’s field of vision. Even in joints that appear to be in remission with no swelling or pain, the activity of these cells leads to changes in the capsule-ligaments. The complex deformities and instabilities caused by this, in conjunction with atrophy of the inter-articular musculature, have an impact on the activities of daily life (ADL). If these biomechanical aspects of the knee joint are not taken into account early on in therapy, the frequency of primary and secondary surgical treatment increases. The timely recognition of biomechanical pathologies and consistent treatment can contribute to improving the patient situation in addition to adequate medication therapy. 
  • 567
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Therapies in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized as a heterogeneous disorder group with well-defined phenotypic and genetic features that share uncommon bone fragility. 
  • 76
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Ultrasonography in Hip Impingement Syndromes
Hip pain is indubitably a frequent clinical problem deriving from copious etiologies. Hip impingement syndromes are one of the most prevalent causes of persistent groin pain, especially in young and active patients. Diligent imaging of the hip region is indispensable to discern femoroacetabular impingement, as the differential diagnosis of hip pain can be exceedingly arduous. 
  • 98
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Cigarette Smoking on Bone Metabolism
Cigarette smoking (CS) is recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Clinical studies have illustrated that smokers have significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) than non-smokers, and cumulative bone loss can increase their lifetime risk of hip fracture by 50%. It has been shown that long-term CS can lead to an imbalance of bone turnover, further contributing to the reduction in bone mass and bone length and increased risk of fractures. Furthermore, chronic consumption of cigarettes has been increasingly linked to impaired muscle function.
  • 608
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
The Mechanisms for Bone Regeneration
The bone regeneration process has historically been studied with the repair of fracture as a unique ability of our body by restoring it to its pre-injured functions. In bone biology, homeostasis is regulated by two main cellular components: osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells). Furthermore, various inflammatory cells and cytokines dynamically interact with these cells in bone environments, which are responsible for their repair capacity. For the bone regeneration process, previous studies have emphasized the role of osteoblasts with morphogen gradients such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).
  • 523
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The Applications of Microphysiological Systems in Biomedicine: Impact on Urologic and Orthopaedic Research
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are in vitro models that can incorporate dynamic stimuli such as flow, pressure and contraction in cell culture, enabling the formation of cellular architectures and retrieving physiological function often absent in conventional 2D-cell culture. MPS applications saw a substantial growth in recent years, drawing attention from industry as a strategy to optimize pre-clinical drug-development purposes, as well as from biomedical research, to fill a gap between in vivo and in vitro models. Several MPS platforms are now available and are employed in the development of bone and kidney complex systems for urologic and orthopaedic research. These advances have enabled, for example, the in vitro modelling of bone regeneration and renal drug secretion, and have dramatic potential to improve research into both orthopaedic and urology cancers. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Tendinopathies
Tendinopathy is an umbrella term used to identify a complex clinical condition characterized by molecular, cellular, and histological changes occurring in affected tendons that leads to persistent pain, swelling, and impaired physical performance. Several pathogenic mechanisms are involved in the occurrence of this condition. High load demands and repetitive mechanical exposure during exercise act as primum movens of tendinopathy.
  • 522
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Temporomandibular Joint Disc Disorders
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a type of musculoskeletal pain that affects the orofacial region, like masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint and other surrounding structures. Chronic musculoskeletal pain refers to a persistent pain, felt for more than 3 months, arising in bones, joints, and tissues. A subset of disc-related TMD involves disc displacement, disc thinning and perforation. Biomechanical unbalance or extreme loading can also lead to damage in the articular disc.
  • 693
  • 12 Jul 2021
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