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Topic Review
The Role of Intestinal Microbiome in Constipation
The gut microbiota represents a community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa) that colonize the gut and are responsible for gut mucosal structural integrity and immune and metabolic homeostasis. The relationship between the gut microbiome and human health has been intensively researched in the past years. The gut microbial population plays a key role in intestinal motility, and dysbiosis has been correlated with chronic constipation.
  • 198
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Relationship between Sleep, Chronotype, and Dental Caries
Dental caries is a global problem worldwide that contributes to sociological limitations. Numerous factors influence the occurrence of dental caries, from socioeconomic factors to cariogenic bacteria, dietary habits, and oral hygiene. However, sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disturbances represent a new approach in the fight against the increasing prevalence of dental caries worldwide. Bacteria in the oral cavity and the oral microbiome are mainly responsible for the development of caries, and saliva plays an important role in their regulation. The circadian rhythm regulates numerous physiological functions, including sleep and saliva production. Disturbances in sleep and circadian rhythms affect saliva production, which impacts the development of dental caries, as saliva is necessary for regulating and maintaining oral health, especially for controlling oral infections. A person’s preference for a particular time of day depends on the circadian rhythm called chronotype. Individuals with an evening chronotype have a less healthy lifestyle that can lead to a higher caries risk than individuals with a morning chronotype. Because circadian rhythms are critical to maintaining sleep homeostasis and oral health, sleep disturbances can disrupt circadian rhythms and lead to a vicious cycle.
  • 229
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
The Chemical Compounds of Retama monosperma
Retama monosperma L. (Boiss.) or Genista monosperma L. (Lam.), known locally as “R’tam”, is a spontaneous and annual herb that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean regions, specifically in the desert areas and across the Middle Atlas in Morocco. This plant has been extensively used in folk medicine and it is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids.
  • 461
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoid Chrysin
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants. They produce pharmacological actions in the peripheral and the central nervous system (CNS). They can cross the blood–brain barrier and interact with several neurotransmission systems and, thereby activating signaling pathways in specific brain structures involved in the physiopathology of anxiety and depression disorders. In particular, the flavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) has been studied for its antioxidant properties; however, its neuropharmacological effects in specific brain structures involved in the physiopathology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, need to be studied.
  • 519
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Targeting Heat-Shock Protein 90 in Cancer
Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an important molecule chaperone associated with tumorigenesis and malignancy. HSP90 is involved in the folding and maturation of a wide range of oncogenic clients, including diverse kinases, transcription factors and oncogenic fusion proteins. Therefore, it could be argued that HSP90 facilitates the malignant behaviors of cancer cells, such as uncontrolled proliferation, chemo/radiotherapy resistance and immune evasion. The extensive associations between HSP90 and tumorigenesis indicate substantial therapeutic potential, and many HSP90 inhibitors have been developed. However, due to HSP90 inhibitor toxicity and limited efficiency, none have been approved for clinical use as single agents.
  • 308
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
RYR on LDL-C Plasma Level and  ASCVD's Risk
Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is a key target for lowering cardiovascular risk and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Red yeast rice (RYR) is a nutraceutical widely used as a lipid-lowering dietary supplement. The main cholesterol-lowering components of RYR are monacolins, particularly monacolin K, which is structurally identical to lovastatin and targets the same key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. RYR supplementation reduces LDL-C levels by approximately 15–34% versus placebo, with a similar effect to low-dose, first-generation statins in subjects with mild-to-moderate dyslipidemia.
  • 424
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Rosmarinic Acid in Treatment of Fibrosis
Fibrosis, which causes structural hardening and functional degeneration in various organs, is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of connective tissue containing collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), etc. In traditional medicine, extracts of medicinal plants or herbal prescriptions have been used to treat various fibrotic diseases. RA, as well as the extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Melissa officinalis, Elsholtzia ciliata, Lycopus lucidus, Ocimum basilicum, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Perilla frutescens, have been shown to attenuate fibrosis of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, etc. in experimental animal models. Their antifibrotic effects were associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, cell activation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and fibrogenic gene expression. 
  • 60
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Role of Propolis in Modifying Aging Hallmarks
Aging populations worldwide are placing age-related diseases at the forefront of the research agenda. The therapeutic potential of natural substances, especially propolis and its components, has led to these products being promising agents for alleviating several cellular and molecular-level changes associated with age-related diseases.
  • 79
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Quantum Theory and the Mind
Quantum theory, which is focused on the physical laws that govern structures such as the nucleus of an atom or even the subatomic particles within an atomic nucleus, has properties that make it unique to most other areas of physics. Quantum theory tends to give unique, discrete energy states by defining a wave function with given boundary conditions using Erwin Schrödinger’s wave equation, helping calculate and determine the specific energy states, amongst other specific quantities this wave function would be likely to have. Quantum theory disconnects itself from the normal classical theories of physics in that it does not treat variables along a continuous spectrum, but rather finds discrete states which these variables can be expected to have.
  • 325
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.)
Pumpkin is a well-known multifunctional ingredient in the diet, full of nutrients, and has opened new vistas for scientists during the past years. The fruit of pumpkin including the flesh, seed, and peel are a rich source of primary and secondary metabolites, including proteins, carbohydrates, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, tryptophan, delta-7-sterols, and many other phytochemicals.
  • 810
  • 06 Jun 2022
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