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Topic Review
Biomaterial-Based Responsive Nanomedicines for Targeting Solid Tumor Microenvironments
Solid tumors are composed of a highly complex and heterogenic microenvironment, with increasing metabolic status. This environment plays a crucial role in the clinical therapeutic outcome of conventional treatments and innovative antitumor nanomedicines. Scientists have devoted great efforts to conquering the challenges of the tumor microenvironment (TME), in respect of effective drug accumulation and activity at the tumor site. The main focus is to overcome the obstacles of abnormal vasculature, dense stroma, extracellular matrix, hypoxia, and pH gradient acidosis. In this endeavor, nanomedicines that are targeting distinct features of TME have flourished; these aim to increase site specificity and achieve deep tumor penetration. The development of such systems has significantly advanced the application of biomaterials in combinational therapies and in immunotherapies for improved anticancer effectiveness.
  • 218
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Heat Shock Proteins-Based Therapies for Cancer
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are extensively distributed throughout cells. They play a crucial role as molecular chaperones and regulate various cellular processes, such as metabolism, growth, differentiation, cell signaling, and programmed cell death. However, in cancers, HSPs are frequently overexpressed and associated with tumor advancement and metastasis, as well as in acquiring drug resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, leading to poor prognosis. Thus, the expression of HSPs can be modulated to imitate the cellular response against cancer cells by targeting the tumor microenvironment through different mechanisms.
  • 73
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biochemical Monitoring of Aortic Aneurysm Disease
Aortic aneurysm (AA) disease is intractable. There are many different subtypes which may or may not include a genetic component. The pathology is different based on aneurysm location. Environmental factors, co-morbidities, and sex all differentially affect aneurysm formation and progression. Despite advancements in the understanding of the complex pathobiology of AAs, no efficient method for monitoring exists, and it is becoming clear that no single diagnostic approach will begin to address the many disparate pathological consequences.
  • 56
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Immunotherapy Strategy for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are fully related to the unregulated innate and adaptive immune systems involved in their pathogenesis. They have similar pathogenic characteristics, including the interferon signature, loss of tolerance to self-nuclear antigens, and enhanced tissue damage like necrosis and fibrosis. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, which have limited specificity and are prone to tolerance, are used as the first-line therapy. A plethora of novel immunotherapies have been developed, including monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, and other biological agents to target cellular and soluble factors involved in disease pathogenesis, such as B cells, co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines or their receptors, and signaling molecules. Many of these have shown encouraging results in clinical trials. CAR-T cell therapy is considered the most promising technique for curing autoimmune diseases, with recent successes in the treatment of SLE and SSc.
  • 156
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease
Neurological ailments, including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and other related diseases, have affected around 1 billion people globally to date. PD stands second among the common neurodegenerative diseases caused as a result of dopaminergic neuron loss in the midbrain’s substantia nigra regions. Medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and natural bioactive molecules have been gaining much more attention in recent years as synthetic molecules orchestrate a number of undesired effects. Several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies in the recent past have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant-based bioactives. 
  • 50
  • 01 Feb 2024
Biography
Bohdan Tkach
Dr. Bogdan Mykolayovych Tkach is a distinguished figure in the field of clinical neuropsychology, holding a doctorate in psychological sciences and serving as a senior researcher and clinical professor. His academic and professional journey is a testament to his dedication and expertise in neuropsychology, deviantology, sexology, neuromarketing, organizational psychology, and the neuropsychologi
  • 167
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure and CKD
Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with high mortality. In both disorders, impaired iron homeostasis, mostly in the form of a functional iron deficiency, is a frequent co-morbidity. In HF, functional iron deficiency and management by i.v. iron supplementation have been proven to affect both prognosis and functional capacity. In the same context, iron supplementation is routine for the adequate management of renal anemia in CKD.
  • 54
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Graphene Oxide Platform for Cancer Research
Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its grim 10% five-year survival rate, poses significant clinical challenges, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options.
  • 69
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cosmetic Pretreatment Techniques
The diversity of cosmetic matrices requires appropriate pretreatment methods. For emulsified cosmetics rich in emulsifiers and thickeners, techniques such as field-assisted extraction, which utilizes oscillation or microwave-assisted heating, and supercritical fluid extraction, often with CO2, are preferred. Conversely, liquid cosmetics with simpler matrices benefit from phase separation techniques such as liquid–liquid extraction. Aqueous extraction is ideal for products rich in polar compounds, while headspace analysis is best suited for isolating volatile constituents.
  • 79
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Childhood-Onset Myasthenia
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is understood to be a neuromuscular disorder caused by an immune disturbance at the neuromuscular junction, which results in symptoms such as muscle weakness and fatigue.
  • 141
  • 24 Jan 2024
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