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Topic Review
Sarcopenia and Cognitive Function
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle mass and function. It is associated with cognitive impairment, defined as a decline in cognitive domains such as language, memory, reasoning, social cognition, planning, making decisions, and solving problems. Several studies have shown that skeletal muscle can regulate brain functions, including mood, learning, locomotor activity, and neuronal injury protection, showing the existence of muscle-brain crosstalk. 
  • 596
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sarcopenia and Diabetes
Sarcopenia is an age-related clinical complaint characterized by the progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle mass and strength over time. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with faster and more relevant skeletal muscle impairment. Both conditions influence each other, leading to negative consequences on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk, general health status, risk of falls, frailty, overall quality of life, and mortality.
  • 234
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 in Thyroid Disorders
A properly functioning thyroid gland is crucial for health, influencing growth, neuronal development, reproduction and as a key regulator of energy metabolism, although thyroid disorders/diseases are extremely common and affect 200 million people worldwide. Viral infection may represent one of the major environmental factors related to common thyroid disorders, including subacute thyroiditis (SAT), nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).
  • 393
  • 08 May 2023
Topic Review
Scorpion Venom
Scorpion venom may cause severe medical complications and untimely death if injected into the human body. A wide range of bioactive molecules can be found in scorpion venoms. Advances in separation, characterization, and biotechnological approaches have enabled not only the development of more effective treatments against scorpion envenomings, but have also led to the discovery of several scorpion venom peptides with interesting therapeutic properties. Thus, scorpion venom may not only be a medical threat to human health, but could prove to be a valuable source of bioactive molecules that may serve as leads for the development of new therapies against current and emerging diseases. 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Seaweeds and Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which involves the onset and exacerbation of various conditions including dyslipidemia, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, vascular endothelial cell damage, and oxidative stress, is a leading cause of high mortality rates and accounts for one-third of deaths worldwide. Accordingly, as dietary changes in daily life are thought to greatly reduce the prevalence of CVD, numerous studies have been conducted to examine the potential use of foods and their bioactive components for preventing and treating CVD. In particular, seaweeds contain unique bioactive metabolites that are not found in terrestrial plants because of the harsh environment in which they survive, leading to in vitro and in vivo studies of their prevention and treatment effects. 
  • 457
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a pressing health problem, and one of the main reasons for treatment failure with antiepileptic drugs. This has become apparent in the event of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), which can be life-threatening. Early diagnosis of SCARs that helps in the identification of the culprit drugs is important in the acute stages of the reaction. 
  • 642
  • 16 May 2021
Topic Review
Sex-Related Differences in Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
There is increasing evidence of sex differences in the action of anti-inflammatory drugs, with women being at significantly higher risk of adverse effects. Nevertheless, clinicians’ awareness of the implications of these sex differences on dosing and adverse event monitoring in routine practice is still in need of improvement.
  • 431
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sex/Gender Differences in Uses and Effects of Metformin
Metformin (MTF) occupies a major and fundamental position in the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gender differences in some effects and actions of MTF have been reported. Women are usually prescribed lower MTF doses compared to men and report more gastrointestinal side effects. The incidence of cardiovascular events in women on MTF has been found to be lower to that of men on MTF. 
  • 910
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Skeletal Effects of Tanshinones
Osteoporosis results from excessive bone resorption and reduced bone formation, triggered by sex hormone deficiency, oxidative stress and inflammation. Tanshinones are a class of lipophilic phenanthrene compounds found in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which contribute to its anti-osteoporosis effects. 
  • 385
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Skeletal Muscle Damage in COVID-19
Muscle dystrophy in COVID-19 entails loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, as well as suboptimal physical performance same as in cachexia and sarcopenia, albeit the loss in COVID is exaggerated. It is most evident in hospitalized patients during the acute phase by myalgia/muscle pain and fatigue, and it is associated with poor prognosis. It manifests in remitting COVID-19 patients by poor physical performance, slowness, fatigue and dyspnea while performing activities of daily living.
  • 610
  • 02 Jul 2021
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