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Topic Review
Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Regeneration Intensification Technologies
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the workhorse of modern crude oil refinery. Its regenerator component plays a critical role in optimizing the overall profitability by efficiently restoring the catalyst activity and enhancing the heat balance in the riser reactor. Improvement in the device metallurgy and process operations have enabled industrial regenerators to operate at high temperatures with a better coke burning rate and longer operating cycle. Today, the carbon content of regenerated catalyst has drastically reduced to less than 0.1 wt.%.
  • 5.7K
  • 15 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts
The Fischer–Tropsch process is considered one of the most promising eco-friendly routes for obtaining synthetic motor fuels. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a heterogeneous catalytic process in which a synthesis gas (CO/H2) transforms into a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, mainly linear alkanes. An important research direction has been to increase the selectivity of the process for the diesel fraction. Diesel fuel synthesized via the Fischer–Tropsch method has a number of advantages over conventional fuel, including the high cetane number, the low content of aromatic, and the practically absent sulfur and nitrogen impurities. One of the possible ways to obtain a high yield of diesel fuel via the Fischer–Tropsch process is the development of selective catalysts.
  • 397
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
EOR's Significance in Emission Reduction
Limiting the increase in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, and at the same time, meeting the increased energy demand can be achieved by applying carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies, which hold potential as the bridge for energy and emission-intensive industries to decarbonization goals. At the moment, the only profitable industrial large-scale carbon sequestration projects are large-scale carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) projects. This paper gives a general overview of the indirect and direct use of captured CO2 in CCUS with a special focus on worldwide large-scale CO2-EOR projects. On the basis of scientific papers and technical reports, data from 23 contemporary large-scale CO2-EOR projects in different project stages were aggregated, pointing out all the specificities of the projects. The specificities of individual projects, along with the lack of standardized methodologies specific for estimating the full lifecycle emissions resulting from CO2-EOR projects, pose a challenge and contribute to uncertainties and wide flexibilities when estimating emissions from CO2-EOR projects, making the cross-referencing of CO2-EOR projects and its comparison to other climate-mitigation strategies rather difficult. Pointing out the mentioned project’s differentiations and aggregating data on the basis of an overview of large-scale CO2-EOR projects gives useful information for future work on the topic of a CO2-EOR project’s lifecycle emissions.
  • 815
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are technologies used in the oil and gas industry to maximize the extraction of residual oil from reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods have been carried out. EOR processes involve various methods, including thermal, chemical, gas and microbial methods.
  • 106
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Electrical Resistance Tomography  in Oil and Gas Reservoirs
Petroleum engineers need real-time understanding of the dynamic information of reservoirs and production in the development process, which is essential for the fine description of oil and gas reservoirs. Due to the non-invasive feature of electromagnetic waves, more and more oil and gas reservoirs have received attention to capture the development dynamics with electrical resistance tomography (ERT). By measuring the distribution of resistivity on the surface, the ERT can offer information on the subsurface media. 
  • 219
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Drilling Fluids for Extended-Reach Wells
In the planning phase of extended-reach well (ERW), special attention should be paid to the choice of drilling fluid. Selected drilling fluids for extended-reach wells should satisfy the same basic functions that are common to all drilling fluids, and they have to provide excellent reservoir protection. When drilling extended-reach wells, the following critical factors should be considered: hole cleaning, torque and drag, borehole stability, equivalent circulating density (ECD) and lost circulation. So far, oil-based mud (OBM) and water-based mud (WBM) have also been used in practice, but the emphasis is on the application of environmentally friendly additives.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Drilling Fluid Loss and Lost Circulation Control Technology
Lost circulation in fractured formation is the first major technical problem that restricts improvements in the quality and efficiency of oil and gas drilling engineering. Improving the success rate of one-time lost circulation control is an urgent demand to ensure “safe, efficient and economic” drilling in oilfields all over the world. 
  • 869
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Design Considerations of Fixed and Floating Offshore Structures
Offshore structures exist in a variety of forms, and they are used for a variety of functions in varied sea depths. These structures are tailored for certain environments and sea depths and other design considerations. 
  • 5.0K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Date-Leaf Carbon Particles for Green Enhanced Oil Recovery
Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT), and carbon dots have gained interest for their superior ability to increase oil recovery. These particles have been successfully tested in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), although they are expensive and do not extend to green enhanced oil recovery (GEOR).
  • 452
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Data-Driven Modeling in Drilling in Well Operations
Swab and surge pressure fluctuations are decisive during drilling for oil. The axial movement of the pipe in the wellbore causes pressure fluctuations in wellbore fluid; these pressure fluctuations can be either positive or negative, corresponding to the direction of the movement of the pipe. For example, if the drill string is lowering down in the borehole, the drop is positive (surge pressure), and if the drill string is pulling out of the hole, the drop is negative (swab pressure). The intensity of these pressure fluctuations depends on the speed of the lowering down (tripping in) or withdrawing the pipe out (tripping out). High tripping speed corresponds to higher pressure fluctuations and can lead to fracturing the well formation. Low tripping speed leads to a slow operation, causing non-productive time, thus increasing the overall well budget. 
  • 607
  • 22 Apr 2022
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