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Topic Review
Tribology of HEAs Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are prospective advanced materials for the production of components that operate at high, severe friction and in high-temperature environments. This is because they possess unique properties requisite for such applications. The tribology of HEAs is described. The exploits of wear-resistant HEAs, the development techniques of wear-resistant HEAs, challenges in developing wear-resistant HEAs, and so on, are included.
  • 547
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining
The aim of this work is to explain the concepts of sustainability with respect to small artisanal gold mining. For this, a qualitative approach with a descriptive scope was used, for which the bibliographic review technique was conducted. In this sense, articles, theses, books and institutional documents, and any contribution related to the research topic were taken into consideration. Likewise, this documentation contributed to the delimiting aspects that allowed a contrast between the proposed definitions and small artisanal mining in the Northeast Antioquia region in Colombia. Based on the reviewed sources, different needs were recognized in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Northeast Antioquia that still need action. In conclusion, through the exposition of sustainability theories, three common factors were identified within the various positions that were raised—the environmental, economic, and sociocultural dimensions. 
  • 522
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Trends and Challenges in the Indian Steel Industry
India is the 4th largest iron ore producer and the 3rd largest coal producer in the world. Coal is also identified as one of the major sectors of “Make in India”, which is an initiative by the Government of India launched by the prime minister. India is also the world’s largest producer of sponge iron: about 37 million tons per annum. 
  • 484
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Decomposition Characteristics of Iron Ore during Smelting Reduction
Against the background of low global carbonization, blast furnace ironmaking technology with coking puts huge amounts of pressure on the global steel industry to save energy and reduce emissions due to its high pollution levels and high energy consumption. Bath smelting reduction technology is globally favored and studied by metallurgists as a non-blast furnace ironmaking technology that directly reduces iron ore into liquid metal without using coke as the raw material. The smelting reduction reaction of iron ore, which is the core reaction of the process, is greatly significant to its productivity and energy saving. 
  • 483
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Alloying Elements on Implants Properties Magnesium
Magnesium has been found to have special osteoconductive properties, which is much appreciated when used as bone implants. It has been reported that Mg, as a cofactor of the alkaline phosphatase isozymes, helps in the healing and remodeling of the bone tissue. Magnesium-based stents are also useful where biodegradable nasal stents could help avoid treatment failure that occurs due to the secondary operations that are required of traditional implants. The potential application of biodegradable magnesium alloys is not limited to its use as temporary implants.
  • 468
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Low-Carbon Ti-Mo Microalloyed Hot Rolled Steels
Low-carbon Ti-Mo microalloyed steels represent a new generation of high strength steels for automobile sheet. Excellent indicators of difficult-to-combine technological, strength, and other service properties are achieved due to the superposition of a dispersed ferrite matrix and a bulk system of nanoscale carbide precipitates.
  • 462
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Valorisation of Carbon-Rich Wastes as Secondary Resources
Carbon-based materials have become an indispensable component in a myriad of domestic and industrial applications. Most of the carbon-based end-of-life products discussed end up in landfills. Where recycling is available, it usually involves the production of lower-value products. The allotropic nature of carbon has been analysed to identify novel materials that could be obtained from used products, which also transform into a secondary carbon resource. Thermal transformation of carbon-rich wastes is a promising and viable pathway for adding value to waste that would otherwise go to landfills. The valorisation routes of four different carbon-rich wastes by thermal transformation are reviewed in the study—automotive shredder residue (ASR), textile wastes, leather wastes, and spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Textile wastes were thermally transformed into carbon fibres and activated carbon, while ASRs were used as a reductant to produce silicon carbide (SiC) from waste glass. 
  • 457
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Influencing Factors on Al Alloys Superplasticity
Aluminum alloys can be used in the fabrication of intricate geometry and curved parts for a wide range of uses in aerospace and automotive sectors, where high stiffness and low weight are necessitated.  Superplasticity is a process in which polycrystalline materials undergo several hundred to several thousand percent of tensile elongation at an appropriate temperature and strain rate. It is greatly effective in reducing the weight and production cost by minimizing the processing steps of machining and joining. 
  • 453
  • 10 May 2022
Topic Review
Tube High-Pressure Shearing
Tube high-pressure shearing (t-HPS) is a deformation processing, in which a tubular sample is subjected to azimuthal shearing under a hydrostatic pressure. The shear plane is in parallel to the cylindrical surface of the tube, and the shear direction is in the azimuthal direction. 
  • 450
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Residual Stress Measurement Techniques for Railway Components
Manufacturing and maintenance procedures in the railway industry regularly implement welding and metal deposition operations to produce joints, coatings and repair structures. During these processes, residual stresses arise through the generation of heat affected zones and plastic deformation. This makes accurate measurements of the internal stresses a critical aspect of manufacturing, monitoring, repair and model validation in the develop new metallic coating and joining technologies. Selection of an appropriate residual stress measurement method has many important factors including component size, resolution and the magnitude and location of internal stresses, often resulting in a combination of techniques required to obtain complete assessment of the stress state. 
  • 446
  • 13 Jan 2023
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