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Topic Review
Design of Supply Chain in Perishable Products
A perishable product (PP) is defined as one that, by natural consequence, deteriorates in terms of its quality and/or organoleptic properties. The design of supply chains for products of all kinds is a classic problem of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering as well as Cold Technology Engineering in order to provide the producer and customer with the optimal means for the manufacturing, packaging, loading, transport and download of the product with time windows.
  • 86
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Using Pyrolysis to Create Biochar
Pyrolysis is a combustion process of woody biomass conducted under low or no oxygen conditions. It converts any kind of biomass into biochar, bio-oil, or biogas. Hence plants’ woody material can also be converted into bioenergy products. Valorization of woody biomass in the form of energy-rich compound biochar is a more sustainable technique as compared to conventional burning which leads to toxicity to the environment. Innovations and the need to limit open burning have resulted in numerous mobile and fixed plant pyrolysis methods that burn a variety of woody residues. 
  • 155
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Adopting Energy Policies of BRICS for South Africa
At its inception in 2006, there were four BRIC member countries comprising Brazil, Russia, India and China. In 2010, South Africa was invited to become a member of BRIC, which then evolved into BRICS, forming a new alliance of these five member countries. South Africa joined in December 2010 to promote peace, security, economic development and cooperation amongst these countries. The main objective was to contribute significantly to improving the socio-economic landscape of these five member countries, which have over three billion people. This is approximately 40% of the global population, and they account for approximately 25% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP).
  • 86
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Emergence of Hydrochar as a Sustainable Adsorbent
Hydrochar, a carbonaceous material, is derived through the process of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) applied to biomass feedstocks.
  • 191
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Advancing Surface Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence based POC technologies
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms are globally employed in modern smart technologies to detect events or changes in the analyte concentration and provide qualitative and quantitative information in biosensing. Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) technology has emerged as an effective POC diagnostic tool for developing robust biosensing frameworks. The simplicity, robustness and relevance of the technology has attracted researchers in physical, chemical and biological milieu on account of its unique attributes such as high specificity, sensitivity, low background noise, highly polarized, sharply directional, excellent spectral resolution capabilities.
  • 80
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Microemulsions for Sustainable Development of Enhanced Oil Recovery
Global oil and gas resources are declining continuously, and sustainable development has become a common challenge worldwide. In terms of environmental protection and economic benefits, the application of microemulsions for enhanced oil recovery often requires fewer chemical agents, showing distinct advantages.
  • 83
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Metal Halide Perovskites for Organic Chemical Transformations
Heterogeneous photocatalysts incorporating metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable attributes: strong visible-light absorption, tuneable band energy levels, rapid charge transfer, and defect tolerance. Additionally, the promising optical and electronic properties of MHP nanocrystals can be harnessed for photocatalytic applications through controlled crystal structure engineering, involving composition tuning via metal ion and halide ion variations, dimensional tuning, and surface chemistry modifications. Combination of perovskites with other materials can improve the photoinduced charge separation and charge transfer, building heterostructures with different band alignments, such as type-II, Z-scheme, and Schottky heterojunctions, which can fine-tune redox potentials of the perovskite for photocatalytic organic reactions.
  • 104
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Development of Slope Treatment Technologies
In light of growing concerns regarding climate change and the finite availability of natural resources, it is imperative that modern slope treatment practices align with the principles of sustainable development. The attainment of environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially equitable infrastructure necessitates a holistic and long-term perspective on the impacts and tradeoffs associated with projects. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has emerged as a standardized framework for comprehensively evaluating the environmental impact of products, processes, and technologies throughout their entire life cycle. By quantifying resource use, emissions, and other environmental issues associated with a system from raw material extraction to its disposal, LCA aims to prevent the shifting of problems among assessment boundaries or phases. Against the backdrop of global energy conservation and carbon reduction efforts, LCA research has found widespread application in fields such as the chemical industry, civil engineering, agriculture, material science, and biological science. However, despite the rapid proliferation of LCA studies across many industries, its application in geotechnical engineering domains like slope treatment has remained limited.
  • 186
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Environmental Challenges Facing Martian Colonisation
Mars is a focus of New Space Age exploration and colonisation, but there are significant challenges to successful colonisation by humankind. Environmental microbes play a key role in supporting the ecosystems of Earth, especially within the biodegradation and bioremediation sectors.
  • 182
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Green Hydrogen
Increasingly stringent sustainability and decarbonization objectives drive investments in adopting environmentally friendly, low, and zero-carbon fuels. Hydrogen represents a unique zero-carbon energy carrier akin to electricity. Hydrogen is hailed as a carbon-neutral fuel of the future, particularly in the form of green hydrogen. 
  • 122
  • 12 Jan 2024
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