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Topic Review
Non-Fullerene Acceptors of IDIC/ITIC Families
IDIC/ITIC families of non-fullerene acceptors has boosted the photovoltaic performances of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. The fine tuning of the photophysical, morphological and processability properties with the aim of reaching higher and higher photocurrent efficiencies has prompted uninterrupted worldwide research on these peculiar families of organic compounds.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Non-Ionic Surfactants
Surfactants are essential in the manufacture of polymeric nanoparticles by emulsion formation methods and to preserve the stability of carriers in liquid media. The deposition of non-ionic surfactants at the interface allows a considerable reduction of the globule of the emulsion with high biocompatibility and the possibility of oscillating the final sizes in a wide nanometric range.
  • 4.1K
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Optimized Polymeric Membranes for Water Treatment
Conventional polymers, endowed with specific functionalities, are extensively utilized for filtering and extracting a diverse set of chemicals, notably metals, from solutions. The main structure of a polymer is an integral part for designing an efficient separating system. However, its chemical functionality further contributes to the selectivity, fabrication process, and resulting product morphology. One example would be a membrane that can be employed to selectively remove a targeted metal ion or chemical from a solution, leaving behind the useful components of the solution. Such membranes or products are highly sought after for purifying polluted water contaminated with toxic and heavy metals. An efficient water-purifying membrane must fulfill several requirements, including a specific morphology attained by the material with a specific chemical functionality and facile fabrication for integration into a purifying module Therefore, the selection of an appropriate polymer and its functionalization become crucial and determining steps.
  • 164
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Organ-on-Chip
Organ-on-chip (OOC) devices are in vitro miniaturized multicellular systems with defined architectures that represent the new frontier in biomedical research to produce micro-organoids and tissues for drug testing and regenerative medicine. Although OOC devices can potentially improve the prediction capability of preclinical studies in comparison to in vitro tests and animal models, the successful transition from conventional 2D cell culture to human OOC implies the development of microfluidically supported 3D architectures to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), to induce cell-ECM and multicellular interactions, as well as to modulate many cell functions including polarity, morphology, and motility. In this regard, cell-laden microgels (CLMs) represent a promising tool for 3D cell culturing and on-chip generation of micro-organs. 
  • 386
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Organic Electronic Devices and Assessment Parameters
Organic electronic devices have gained popularity because of their promising tunable electronic properties, flexibility, low-cost, versatile functionalization, and processability. Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) are not only the fundamental building blocks of flexible and large-area electronic devices but are also a useful tool for measuring charge-carrier mobilities of newly organic semiconductors.
  • 453
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Organic Photorefractive Materials
Photorefractive materials are capable of reversibly changing their index of refraction upon illumination. That property allows them to dynamically record holograms, which is a key function for developing an updateable holographic 3D display. The transition from inorganic photorefractive crystals to organic polymers meant that large display screens could be made.
  • 462
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Organosolv Lignin-Based Polyurethane
Polyurethanes (PUs) present an important class of polymers due to outstanding mechanical, chemical and physical properties. Thus, they find application in many industrial sectors in the form of flexible or rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, elastomers, thermoplasts or thermosets. Modern PU coating applications include self-healing coating films that can also be applied to rather rough surfaces, such as wood.
  • 976
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Overview of Polylactic Acid
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an important polymer that is based on renewable biomass resources. Because of environmental issues, more renewable sources for polymers synthesis have been sought for industrial purposes.
  • 3.9K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Overview of viable Bacteria Immobilisation
Bioremediation is a key process for reclaiming polluted soil and water by the use of biological agents. A commonly used approach aims to neutralise or remove harmful pollutants from contaminated areas using live microorganisms. Generally, immobilised microorganisms rather than planktonic cells have been used in bioremediation methods. Activated carbon, inorganic minerals (clays, metal oxides, zeolites), and agricultural waste products are acceptable substrates for the immobilisation of bacteria, although there are limitations with biomass loading and the issue with leaching of bacteria during the process. Various synthetic and natural polymers with different functional groups have been used successfully for the efficient immobilisation of microorganisms and cells. Promise has been shown using macroporous materials including cryogels with entrapped bacteria or cells in applications for water treatment and biotechnology. A cryogel is a macroporous polymeric gel formed at sub-zero temperatures through a process known as cryogelation. Macroporous hydrogels have been used to make scaffolds or supports for immobilising bacterial, viral, and other cells. The production of composite materials with immobilised cells possessing suitable mechanical and chemical stability, porosity, elasticity, and biocompatibility suggests that these materials are potential candidates for a range of applications within applied microbiology, biotechnology, and research. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Patchy Micelles via Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly
Crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) represents a highly versatile method for the production of well-defined block copolymer micelles in solution giving access to numerous tailor-made one-, two- and three-dimensional assemblies with controlled length, length distribution, shape, and corona chemistries. One special example of micelles derived by CDSA are the so-called patchy micelles, which possess a corona made of alternating nanometer-sized compartments. These patchy micelles show superior interfacial activity making them excellent candidates for the use as compatibilizers or metal (oxide) nanoparticle templates.
  • 522
  • 23 Jun 2021
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