Encyclopedia
Scholarly Community
Encyclopedia
Entry
Journal
Book
Video
Image
News
About
Entry
Entry
Video
Image
Log in/Sign up
Submit
Entry
Video
Image
Subject:
All Disciplines
Arts & Humanities
Biology & Life Sciences
Business & Economics
Chemistry & Materials Science
Computer Science & Mathematics
Engineering
Environmental & Earth Sciences
Medicine & Pharmacology
Physical Sciences
Public Health & Healthcare
Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest
Latest
Alphabetical (A-Z)
Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All
Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Valuable Organic Acids
A ruminant-based carboxylate platform based on mixed or undefined anaerobic co-cultures of rumen microorganisms can convert the carbohydrate polymers in the lignocellulosic part of organic waste streams to carboxylic acids that can be upgraded to biofuels or green chemicals.
973
27 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Cenospheres Recovery from Fly Ash
Coal fly ash (CFA) is a major global pollutant produced by thermal power plants during the generation of electricity. A significant amount of coal fly ash is dumped every year in the near vicinity of the thermal power plants, resulting in the spoilage of agricultural land. CFA has numerous value-added structural elements, such as cenospheres, plerospheres, ferrospheres, and carbon particles. Cenospheres are spherical-shaped solid-filled particles, formed during the combustion of coal in thermal power plants. They are lightweight, have high mechanical strength, and are rich in Al-Si particles. Due to cenospheres’ low weight and high mechanical strength, they are widely used as ceramic/nanoceramics material, fireproofing material, and in nanocomposites.
905
28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Relevance of Crystal Forms in the Pharmaceutical Field
The existence of multiple crystal forms of an active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is relevant not only for the selection of the best solid material to carry through the various stages of drug development, including the choice of dosage and of excipients suitable for drug development and marketing, but also in terms of intellectual property protection and/or extension. This is because the physico-chemical properties, such as solubility, dissolution rate, thermal stability, processability, etc., of the solid API may depend, sometimes dramatically, on the crystal form, with important implications on the drug’s ultimate efficacy.
823
26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Deposit Formation, Coal-Fired Rotary Kiln
The deposit-forming problem is one of the main bottlenecks restricting the yield and production benefit of iron ore pellets produced by coal-fired rotary kilns. In order to implement measures to ensure the efficient production of pellets by coal-fired rotary kilns, the mechanism and influencing factors on the deposit formation were reviewed. The pellet powder and coal ash come together to form the material base of the deposit.
792
08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Ethyl Acetate Hydrogenation
Ethyl acetate hydrogenation is the reverse reaction of ethanol dehydrogenation. Tuthenium complexes acting in homogeneous phase, at very low temperatures, promote both ethanol dehydrogenation and ethylacetate hydrogenation.
711
30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Cubic Silicon Carbide
The cubic silicon carbide is the only polytype that can be grown on silicon wafers. This approach reduces the cost as no SiC substrate is used and only the silicon carbide layer thickness required for the specific application is grown on a cheaper Si substrate. This technology also offers the potential for faster scale-up with wafer size compared with the development of larger diameter hexagonal SiC wafers. In principle, with a large reactor, a 300 mm Si wafer can be obtained using the present process.
676
15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Peer Reviewed
Homogenization Methods of Lattice Materials
The existing methods for analyzing the behaviors of lattice materials require high computational power. The homogenization method is the alternative way to overcome this issue. Homogenization is an analysis to understand the behavior of an area of lattice material from a small portion for rapid analysis and precise approximation. This paper provides a summary of some representative methodologies in homogenization.
648
06 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Lead-Free Perovskite Single Crystals
Lead-free perovskites have received remarkable attention because of their nontoxicity, low-cost fabrication, and spectacular properties including controlled bandgap, long diffusion length of charge carrier, large absorption coefficient, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Compared with the widely investigated polycrystals, single crystals have advantages of lower trap densities, longer diffusion length of carrier, and extended absorption spectrum due to the lack of grain boundaries, which facilitates their potential in different fields including photodetectors, solar cells, X-ray detectors, light-emitting diodes, and so on.
629
30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Modification Strategies of Pristine Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as the significant metal-free semiconductor photocatalyst, holds great potential in the application of the photocatalytic nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal process due to its plentiful extraordinary advantages, such as visible light response properties, mild bandgap, low cost, facile preparation and high thermal stability. However, pristine g-C3N4 prepared using the traditional high-temperature solid reaction suffers from low specific surface areas and low crystallinity owing to kinetic hindrance, which results in small specific surface areas, few reactive sites, limited light-harvesting capacity, rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and unsatisfactory photocatalytic NOx removal performance. In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of pristine g-C3N4, a variety of modification strategies have been developed including metal doping, non-metal doping, defect engineering, crystallinity optimization, morphology controlling and heterojunction construction.
609
06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Methods for Protein Crystallization
Proteins are biopolymers consisting of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. A peptide bond is a type of amide bond that occurs during the formation of proteins and peptides as a result of the interaction of the α-amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid with the α-carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid. The main method for determining the spatial structure of a protein is X-ray structural analysis of protein crystals. The main difficulty in applying this method is in obtaining a perfect protein-crystal.
595
28 Jan 2023
Page
of
4
Featured Entry Collections
>>
Featured Books
>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Chief Editor:
Michael McAleer
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Chief Editor:
Stephen Bustin
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Chief Editor:
Luis V. Lopez-Llorca
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Chief Editor:
Sandro Serpa
Entry
Journal
Book
Video
Image
News
About
Log in/Sign up
New Entry
New Video
New Images
About
Terms and Conditions
Privacy Policy
Advisory Board
Contact
Partner
Feedback
Top
Feedback
×
Help Center
Browse our user manual, common Q&A, author guidelines, etc.
Rate your experience
Let us know your experience and what we could improve.
Report an error
Is something wrong? Please let us know!
Other feedback
Other feedback you would like to report.
×
Did you find what you were looking for?
Love
Like
Neutral
Dislike
Hate
0
/500
Email
Do you agree to share your valuable feedback publicly on
Encyclopedia
’s homepage?
Yes, I agree. Encyclopedia can post it.
No, I do not agree. I would not like to post my testimonial.
Webpage
Upload a screenshot
(Max file size 2MB)
Submit
Back
Close
×