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Topic Review
Wood-Composite for Wastewater Purification and Desalination
The ecosystem has been seriously affected by sewage discharge and oil spill accidents. A series of issues (such as the continuous pollution of the ecological environment and the imminent exhaustion of freshwater resources) are becoming more and more unmanageable, resulting in a crisis of water quality and quantity. Therefore, studies on industrial wastewater purification and solar-driven seawater desalination based on wood composites have been widely considered as an important development direction. Generally, functional nanomaterials are loaded into the wood cell wall, from which lignin and hemicellulose are selectively removed. Alternatively, functional groups are modified on the basis of the molecular structure of the wood microchannels. Due to its three-dimensional (3D) pore structure and low thermal conductivity, wood is an ideal substrate material for industrial wastewater purification and solar-driven seawater desalination.
  • 199
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Thermally Modified Wood Exposed to Different Weathering Conditions
Thermally modified wood (TMW) is a material derived from a treatment that combines temperature and moisture, avoiding harmful substances while providing better energy efficiency and drying quality. Such types of processes can considerably improve the performance of timber in several aspects. The treatment is usually achieved at temperatures between 120 °C and 260 °C, depending on the industrial process and desired end-product characteristics.
  • 506
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Technical Lignins
Lignin is a complex, amorphous, natural polymer, and one of the most abundant in nature, only behind cellulose. Technical lignins are co-products of the manufacture of cellulose pulp for paper. Some examples of technical lignins that will be addressed in this study are lignosulphonates alongside kraft, soda and organosolv lignins.
  • 981
  • 19 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Structures and Characteristics of Cellulose and Nanocellulose
Nickerson and Habrl extracted nanomaterials named nanocellulose (NC) from cotton linters by using sulfuric-acid hydrolysis in 1947. Since then, various physical and chemical properties of NC, such as its low weight, low cost, high strength, stiffness, and non-toxic properties have been comprehensively investigated in both academia and industry.
  • 589
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Recovery of Phosphorus and Metals from Waste Ashes
Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is a rich source of P, while municipal solid waste incineration fly or bottom ashes (MSWI-FA, MWSI-BA) are rich in metals, especially Zn, Pb, and Cu.
  • 95
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Processing Technology of Thermoplastic-Bonded Wood-Based Panels
When thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are selected as wood adhesives to bond wood by using the hot-pressing technique, the formaldehyde emission issue that has long existed in the wood-based panel industry can be effectively solved. Thermoplastic bonded wood-based panels presented relatively higher mechanical properties, better water resistance and machinability than the conventional urea-formaldehyde resin bonded wood-based panels. Compared with the wood-plastic composites manufactured by extruding or injection-molding methods, thermoplastic bonded wood-based panels have the advantages of larger size, wider raw material range and higher production efficiency. 
  • 616
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Phase Change Materials for Thermal Regulative Wood-Based Products
Wood is an excellent building material or component that has been used all over the world. The rise in energy consumption worldwide, particularly in the building sector, has led to the development of diverse methods to overcome this problem. Embedding phase change material, phase change material (PCM), into the wood has been researched as one of the most effective alternatives of controlling the thermal loads of wood, as it can store and release latent heat energy at a specific temperature range.
  • 534
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pellet Production from Pruning and Alternative Forest Biomass
Typically, coniferous sawdust from debarked stems is used to make pellets. Given the high lignin content, which ensures strong binding and high calorific values, this feedstock provides the best quality available. However, finding alternative feedstocks for pellet production is crucial if small-scale pellet production is to be developed and used to support the economy and energy independence of rural communities. These communities have to be able to create pellets devoid of additives and without biomass pre-processing so that the feedstock price remains low. The features of pellets made from other sources of forest biomass, such as different types of waste, broadleaf species, and pruning biomass, have attracted some attention in this context.
  • 196
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Paper-Based Humidity Sensors
Paper, especially nanopaper, is a very promising material for the development of low-cost flexible humidity sensors suitable for a wide range of applications.
  • 405
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Organosolv Lignin-Based Polyurethane
Polyurethanes (PUs) present an important class of polymers due to outstanding mechanical, chemical and physical properties. Thus, they find application in many industrial sectors in the form of flexible or rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, elastomers, thermoplasts or thermosets. Modern PU coating applications include self-healing coating films that can also be applied to rather rough surfaces, such as wood.
  • 849
  • 22 Mar 2022
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