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Topic Review
Delphinus
Delphinus, commonly known as the Dolphin, is a small but recognizable constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. Its distinctive shape resembles a leaping dolphin, making it a charming sight in the night sky.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, and one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).
  • 347
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Phoenix
Phoenix, a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, is named after the mythical bird that cyclically regenerates or is reborn from its own ashes. The constellations Phoenix, Grus, Pavo and Tucana, are known as the Southern Birds.
  • 347
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Osmium-186
Osmium (76Os) has seven naturally occurring isotopes, five of which are stable: 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, and (most abundant) 192Os. The other natural isotopes, 184Os, and 186Os, have extremely long half-life (1.12×1013 years and 2×1015 years, respectively) and for practical purposes can be considered to be stable as well. 187Os is the daughter of 187Re (half-life 4.56×1010 years) and is most often measured in an 187Os/188Os ratio. This ratio, as well as the 187Re/188Os ratio, have been used extensively in dating terrestrial as well as meteoric rocks. It has also been used to measure the intensity of continental weathering over geologic time and to fix minimum ages for stabilization of the mantle roots of continental cratons. However, the most notable application of Os in dating has been in conjunction with iridium, to analyze the layer of shocked quartz along the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary that marks the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. There are also 30 artificial radioisotopes, the longest-lived of which is 194Os with a half-life of six years; all others have half-lives under 94 days. There are also nine known nuclear isomers, the longest-lived of which is 191mOs with a half-life of 13.10 hours. All isotopes and nuclear isomers of osmium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.
  • 346
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
High-Gradient Ion Linacs for FLASH-RT
Synchrotrons are used for ion beam therapy, while cyclotrons are mainly used for proton therapy. Linacs were not seriously considered for ion beam therapy due to the required accelerator length and extended footprint. With the developments of high-frequency high-gradient accelerating copper structures, more compact linacs are being proposed for protons and ions. These structures should be capable of delivering FLASH beam intensities.
  • 345
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review Video
Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater
At a great many locations worldwide, the safety of drinking water is endangered by pollution with arsenic. Arsenic toxicity is a matter of both systems chemistry and systems biology: it is determined by complex and intertwined networks of chemical reactions in the inanimate environment, in microbes in that environment, and in the human body.
  • 345
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Auriga
Auriga, an IAU-recognized constellation, lies in the northern celestial hemisphere. Notable for its pentagonal shape, it encompasses several bright stars, including Capella. This constellation is visible during winter and contains various deep-sky objects like star clusters and nebulae.
  • 343
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Horologium
Horologium, Latin for "clock" or "timepiece," is a faint constellation located in the southern celestial hemisphere. It was first described by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in 1756.
  • 342
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Optical Fibre-Based Sensors
Optical fibre sensors are an essential subset of optical fibre technology, designed specifically for sensing and measuring several physical parameters. These sensors offer unique advantages over traditional sensors, making them gradually more valuable in a wide range of applications. They can detect extremely small variations in the physical parameters they are designed to measure, such as analytes in the case of biosensing.
  • 342
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Near-Body Medical Devices Subject to Electromagnetic Field Perturbation
The disturbances caused by electromagnetic field (EMF) noise of medical devices used near living tissues, as well as the corresponding functional control via the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of these devices are analyzed. These are minimally invasive and non-ionizing devices allowing various healthcare actions involving monitoring, assistance, diagnoses and image-guided medical interventions.
  • 341
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ara
Ara is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. The name "Ara" originates from Greek mythology, where it represents the altar used by the gods in their divine ceremonies.
  • 340
  • 29 Feb 2024
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