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Topic Review
CMOS Sensors
Depleted Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) sensors are emerging as one of the main candidate technologies for future tracking detectors in high luminosity colliders. Their capability of integrating the sensing diode into the CMOS wafer hosting the front-end electronics allows for reduced noise and higher signal sensitivity, due to the direct collection of the sensor signal by the readout electronics. They are suitable for high radiation environments due to the possibility of applying high depletion voltage and the availability of relatively high resistivity substrates. The use of a CMOS commercial fabrication process leads to their cost reduction and allows faster construction of large area detectors. In this contribution, a general perspective of the state of the art of CMOS detectors for High Energy Physics experiments is given. The main developments carried out with regard to these devices in the framework of the CERN RD50 collaboration are summarized.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Dec 2020
Biography
Clyde Cowan
Clyde Lorrain Cowan Jr (December 6, 1919 in Detroit, Michigan – May 24, 1974 in Bethesda, Maryland) was an American physicist, the co-discoverer of the neutrino along with Frederick Reines. The discovery was made in 1956 in the neutrino experiment.[1] Frederick Reines received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 in both their names. Born the oldest of four children in Detroit, Michigan, Cowa
  • 848
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Closed Timelike Curves
Closed timelike curves (CTCs) are space-time trajectories that return to their starting point without violating the laws of special relativity. A traveler along a CTC could journey into the future but arrive in its past, creating a possible violation of the principle of causality. Such CTCs occur in Gödel’s rotating universe and many other general relativistic solutions of classical Einstein’s field equations. The chronological protection conjecture suggests that Nature forbids this kind of situation.
  • 9.7K
  • 27 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Classification of Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
Quantum communications, in general, and quantum key distribution (QKD) as one of the internal directions, in particular, are some of the most actively developing areas of quantum technologies. QKD allows one to send a secure key between several legitimate users connected by so-called quantum and classical channels. Theoretically, the security of QKD is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, which guarantees security against any unforeseen technological developments, for example, in the field of quantum computing.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Classical Approaches at the Synchrotron Radiation Facilites
Synchrotron radiation sources are widely used in interdisciplinary research, generating an enormous amount of data while posing serious challenges to the storage, processing, and analysis capabilities of the large-scale scientific facilities worldwide.
  • 415
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Circinus
Circinus is a small, faint constellation located in the southern sky. Named after the Latin word for compass, it was first introduced in the 18th century by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille during his observations of the southern hemisphere. Despite its modest size, Circinus harbors several intriguing celestial objects, including a notable planetary nebula and multiple star systems of scientific interest.
  • 279
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Circadian Regulation of Apolipoproteins in the Brain
The circadian rhythm is a 24 h internal clock within the body that regulates various factors, including sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythm disruption is an important risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative illnesses. The central and peripheral oscillators’ circadian clock network controls the circadian rhythm in mammals. The clock genes govern the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain.
  • 205
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Chromatin Architecture and Damage Response
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) have been recognized as the most serious lesions in irradiated cells. While several biochemical pathways capable of repairing these lesions have been identified, the mechanisms by which cells select a specific pathway for activation at a given DSB site remain poorly understood. The impact of chromatin and repair foci architecture on these mechanisms can be elucidated by super-resolution microscopy in combination with mathematical approaches of topology. These aspects are discussed in relation to state of the art knowledge of ionizing radiation induced damaging of cell nuclei and DNA repair.
  • 597
  • 20 Feb 2021
Biography
Christopher Slowe
Christopher Brian Slowe (born November 8, 1978, Boston, MA) is an American businessman. He gained his PhD in Physics from Harvard, went on to co-found reddit, with Aaron Swartz, Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman. He later departed reddit and began work for Hipmunk, where he has been Chief Scientist since 2010. Slowe was awarded his Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard for his thesis "Experiments and
  • 487
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Chirality
A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality). The spin of a particle may be used to define a handedness, or helicity, for that particle, which, in the case of a massless particle, is the same as chirality. A symmetry transformation between the two is called parity transformation. Invariance under parity transformation by a Dirac fermion is called chiral symmetry.
  • 553
  • 27 Oct 2022
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