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Topic Review
Cancer Metastasis from Physical Perspective
Tumor diseases become a huge problem when they embark on a path that advances to malignancy, such as the process of metastasis. Cancer metastasis has been thoroughly investigated from a biological perspective in the past, whereas it has still been less explored from a physical perspective. Until now, the intraluminal pathway of cancer metastasis has received the most attention, while the interaction of cancer cells with macrophages has received little attention. Apart from the biochemical characteristics, tumor treatments also rely on the tumor microenvironment, which is recognized to be immunosuppressive and, as has recently been found, mechanically stimulates cancer cells and thus alters their functions.
  • 211
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review Video
Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater
At a great many locations worldwide, the safety of drinking water is endangered by pollution with arsenic. Arsenic toxicity is a matter of both systems chemistry and systems biology: it is determined by complex and intertwined networks of chemical reactions in the inanimate environment, in microbes in that environment, and in the human body.
  • 248
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cells Respond to Mechanical Cues of Extracellular Matrix
Extracellular biophysical properties have particular implications for a wide spectrum of cellular behaviors and functions, including growth, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, gene expression, cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion, and signal transduction including mechanotransduction. Cells not only react to unambiguously mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM), but can occasionally manipulate the mechanical features of the matrix in parallel with biological characteristics, thus interfering with downstream matrix-based cues in both physiological and pathological processes. Bidirectional interactions between cells and (bio)materials in vitro can alter cell phenotype and mechanotransduction, as well as ECM structure, intentionally or unintentionally. Interactions between cell and matrix mechanics in vivo are of particular importance in a variety of diseases, including primarily cancer. 
  • 115
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Magnetic Fluids
Magnetic fluids were historically the first active nano-dispersion material. Despite over half a century of research, interest in these nano-objects continues to grow every year. This is due to the impressive development of nanotechnology, the synthesis of nanoscale structures, and surface-active systems.
  • 221
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nuclear Physics Opportunities at European Small-Scale Facilities
Small-scale facilities play a significant role in the landscape of nuclear physics research in Europe. They address a wide range of fundamental questions and are essential for teaching and training personnel in accelerator technology and science, providing them with diverse skill sets, complementary to large projects.  The current status, available instrumentation, as well as perspectives of nuclear physics research at small-scale facilities are given. To obtain a complete overview, a few medium-scale facilities—the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, IJC Lab, and the Jyväskylä Accelerator Laboratory—are also described.
  • 175
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Advancing Surface Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence based POC technologies
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms are globally employed in modern smart technologies to detect events or changes in the analyte concentration and provide qualitative and quantitative information in biosensing. Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) technology has emerged as an effective POC diagnostic tool for developing robust biosensing frameworks. The simplicity, robustness and relevance of the technology has attracted researchers in physical, chemical and biological milieu on account of its unique attributes such as high specificity, sensitivity, low background noise, highly polarized, sharply directional, excellent spectral resolution capabilities.
  • 115
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Application of Through Glass Via Technology
Glass has emerged as a highly versatile substrate for various sensor and MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) packaging applications, including electromechanical, thermal, optical, biomedical, and RF devices, due to its exceptional properties such as high geometrical tolerances, outstanding heat and chemical resistance, excellent high-frequency electrical properties, and the ability to be hermetically sealed. In these applications, Through Glass Via (TGV) technology plays a vital role in manufacturing and packaging by creating electrical interconnections through glass substrates.
  • 292
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nanophotonic Platforms for Enhancing Chirality Sensing
Chiral sensing is crucial in the fields of biology and the pharmaceutical industry. Many naturally occurring biomolecules, i.e., amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides, are inherently chiral. Their enantiomers are strongly associated with the pharmacological effects of chiral drugs. The nanophotonic platform allows for a stronger interaction between the chiral molecules and light to enhance chiral sensing. 
  • 119
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fine-Structure Classification of Solar Metric Radio Bursts
Radio bursts provide important diagnostics of energetic phenomena of the Sun. In particular, bursts in decimetric and metric wavelengths probe the physical conditions and the energy release processes in the low corona as well as their association with heliospheric phenomena. The advent of spectral radio data with high time and high frequency resolution has provided a wealth of information on phenomena of short duration and narrow bandwidth. Of particular value are spectral data combined with imaging observations at specific frequencies.
  • 145
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nemesis
Nemesis is a hypothesized companion object orbiting the Sun, motivated by the claim of a terrestrial extinction periodicity. Astronomer Percival Lowell in 1915 thought that some glitches in the orbit of Uranus might be caused by what he dubbed Planet X, and led to the discovery of Pluto in 1930. The existence of the object beyond Pluto may be able to explain the architecture of the Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt and a secular perihelion precession of Saturn. The Nemesis hypothesis has also been used to explain the measurements of the ages of 155 lunar spherules from the Apollo 14 site.
  • 166
  • 14 Jan 2024
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