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Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
NIR as Analytical Technique to Improve Sensory Analysis
This research underscores the potential of advanced analytical techniques to improve the precision of sensory evaluations in food quality assessment.
271
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Seaweed in Aquaculture Production
Seaweed, also known as macroalgae, represents a vast resource that can be categorized into three taxonomic groups: Rhodophyta (red), Chlorophyta (green), and Phaeophyceae (brown). They are a good source of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids. Seaweed also contains a wide range of functional metabolites, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments. The nutritional and functional properties of seaweed attest to their potential to be incorporated into aquafeed to safeguard fish growth and health as the global demand for fish and seafood products rapidly increases.
577
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ion Channels in GBM Cell Migration and Death
Ca2+-activated K+ channels of large- and intermediate-conductance (BK and IK, respectively) and the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), are the main K+ and Cl- channels highly-expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) cells, where they play an essential role in the control of cell volume and, in turn, migration, invasion, and apoptotic cell death, the three main features underlying GBM malignancy and lethality.
341
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Somatic Genetic Variation in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Mutational hotspots have gained importance as oncological biomarkers in recent years because of their potential as predictors of clinical outcomes and/or therapeutic targets. In addition, they are easily detectable in clinical samples via Sanger or next-generation sequencing (NGS). The role of these genetic defects is less clear in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), even though the most common genetic drivers of these neoplasms are located within mutational hotspots. Indeed, hotspots in six different genes are of particular importance in this context. Two of them, USP48 and SF3B1, represent very recent and infrequent genetic associations; thus, their clinical relevance remains unclear. For two other genes, GNAS and USP8, discrepancies exist among studies regarding their associated phenotypes. Finally, the phenotypes associated with BRAF and DICER1 are well defined in other settings, but not yet in sporadic PitNETs. Additional studies are required to assess the potential of these molecular alterations as druggable targets in PitNETs.
185
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
General Characteristics and Nephroprotective Properties of
Salvia
Genus
The study of medicinal plants is important, as they are the natural reserve of potent biologically active compounds. With wide use in traditional medicine and the inclusion of several species (as parts and as a whole plant) in pharmacopeia, species from the genus Salvia L. are known for the broad spectrum of their biological activities. Studies suggest that these plants possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiangiogenic, hepatoprotective, cognitive and memory-enhancing effects. Phenolic acids, terpenoids and flavonoids are important phytochemicals, which are primarily responsible for the medicinal activity of Salvia L.
438
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Taste 2 Receptors in Intestine
Taste 2 receptors (T2Rs) are G-protein-coupled receptors responsible for sensing bitter tastes. Many studies have shown the expression of T2Rs in extraoral tissues and the unique role of T2Rs in each tissue. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of T2Rs are associated with the risk of obesity and diabetes, and the organs/tissues associated with the development of these metabolic diseases, including the intestine, adipose, muscle, liver, and pancreas, are reported to express T2R genes. This result suggests that T2Rs in extraoral tissues contribute to the development of obesity and diabetes.
377
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Human Pathogens Hijacking the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System
Ubiquitin, a small protein, is well known for tagging target proteins through a cascade of enzymatic reactions that lead to protein degradation. The ubiquitin tag, apart from its signaling role, is paramount in destabilizing the modified protein.
184
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Resistance to Immunotherapy in Oral Malignant Melanoma
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, have initiated a new era in the treatment of malignant melanoma.
200
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Structural Neuroimaging Findings in Developmental Language Disorder
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a child’s ability to comprehend and/or produce spoken and/or written language, yet it cannot be attributed to hearing loss or overt neurological damage. The link between brain development and language outcomes in children with DLD is unclear, and this lack of connection is apparent when reviewing the DLD neuroimaging literature. Over the past 50 years, there have been fewer than 60 neuroimaging studies (excluding EEG studies) with children diagnosed with DLD. The majority of these studies have focused on structural brain differences when compared to language-unimpaired (neurotypical) children or children with other neurodevelopmental language disorders, such as children diagnosed with ASD and concomitant language impairment. Though there are some consistencies differences in participant selection and inclusion, diagnostic criteria, methodology, and analyses used underlie the disparate findings to date. As such, comparing the results across studies and evaluating how structural brain abnormalities contribute to language impairment in children with DLD is challenging. Nonetheless, the researchers provide a general overview of structural neuroimaging findings in DLD and highlight consistent patterns of results.
340
14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Principles of Immunology Relevant to Oral Vaccination
Vaccines continue to play an enormous role in the progression of aquaculture industries worldwide. Though preventable diseases cause massive economic losses, injection-based vaccine delivery is cost-prohibitive or otherwise impractical for many producers. Most oral vaccines, which are much cheaper to administer, do not provide adequate protection relative to traditional injection or even immersion formulas. Research has focused on determining why there appears to be a lack of protection afforded by oral vaccines. The basic immunological principles is reviewed associated with oral vaccination before discussing the recent progress and current status of oral vaccine research. This knowledge is critical for the development and advancement of efficacious oral vaccines for the aquaculture industry.
266
14 Dec 2023
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