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Topic Review
The Tubulin Code in Mitosis
Mitosis relies on the critical contribution of microtubules, as well as several microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and motors, to regulate several key mechanisms underlying the faithful segregation of the genetic material during cell division. The mitotic spindle is an anisotropic and highly heterogeneous structure, with dynamic astral microtubules essentially tyrosinated, in contrast with more stable microtubule subpopulations, such as kinetochore and a fraction of interpolar microtubules, which accumulate detyrosinated, Δ2, acetylated and polyglutamylated tubulin.
  • 894
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Negative Strand RNA Virus Nucleocapsid
The nucleocapsid of negative strand RNA virus (NSV) is a linear protein-RNA complex that is the template for the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. The structure of the nucleocapsid protein from all NSVs shares a core motif that is suitable for assembling the linear nucleocapsid. The unique structure of the nucleocapsid allows it to encapsidate the viral RNA genome for virion assembly, and at the same time serve as the template for viral RNA synthesis.
  • 894
  • 06 Aug 2020
Biography
Felix Auerbach
Felix Auerbach (12 November 1856 – 26 February 1933) was a German physicist. Auerbach was born in Breslau (today Wrocław) on 12 November 1856. His father, Leopold Auerbach, was a respected physician and professor of medicine at the University of Breslau. His mother was Arabella Auerbach, née Hess. From her, he acquired the talent and love for music that accompanied him throughout his life
  • 894
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Cell Lysis
Cell lysis is the first step of sample preparation for nucleic acid (NA) detection. Its purpose is to release NAs from the cells by disrupting the structure of cell membranes, which are also known as phospholipid bilayer membranes or plasmalemma. As NA detection typically relies on amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or isothermal alternatives, carry-over of inhibitory agents including the reagents used for lysis needs to be avoided or minimised. While washing steps are easily implemented in a laboratory setting, for Point of Need testing, the trend is towards substitution of strong inhibitory lytic reagents for more benign alternatives to minimise processing steps and reagent use. Additionally, sustainability of the reagents and their disposal are growing concerns. Here, an overview of lysis methods is provided from the perspective of their suitability for for point of need testing.
  • 894
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Redox Biosensors
In the most general sense of this term, a genetically encoded fluorescent redox biosensor is a kind of genetic system that changes a fluorescence in response to a redox event. Most often, such a tool is a chimeric protein consisting of a sensory domain that responds to a redox stimulus, and a domain whose fluorescence changes depending on alterations occurring with the sensory domain. It can also be a single-domain fluorescent protein, the structure of which changes when exposed to a redox stimulus, and the change in the structure leads to a change in fluorescence. In addition, there are transcriptional reporters, the principle of which is based on the alteration of the transcription of the fluorescent protein gene upon exposure to a redox stimulus. This article will focus on protein genetically encoded fluorescent redox biosensors that are currently used in in vivo research.
  • 894
  • 11 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Heat Stress and Goat Welfare
Among the farm animals, goats arguably are considered the best-suited animals to survive in tropical climates. Heat stress was found to negatively influence growth, milk and meat production and compromised the immune response, thereby significantly reducing goats’ welfare under extensive conditions and transportation. Although considered extremely adapted to tropical climates, their production can be compromised to cope with heat stress. Therefore, information on goat adaptation and production performance during heat exposure could help assess their welfare.
  • 894
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Decellularized Colorectal Cancer Matrices as Bioactive Scaffolds
More than a physical structure providing support to tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of macromolecules that modulates the behavior of both cancer cells and associated stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the last few years, several efforts have been made to develop new models that accurately mimic the interconnections within the TME and specifically the biomechanical and biomolecular complexity of the tumor ECM. Particularly in colorectal cancer, the ECM is highly remodeled and disorganized and constitutes a key component that affects cancer hallmarks, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, several scaffolds produced from natural and/or synthetic polymers and ceramics have been used in 3D biomimetic strategies for colorectal cancer research. Nevertheless, decellularized ECM from colorectal tumors is a unique model that offers the maintenance of native ECM architecture and molecular composition.
  • 894
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Non-Flavonoid Polyphenols against Human Herpesviruses
Herpesviruses are one of the most contagious DNA viruses that threaten human health, causing severe diseases, including, but not limited to, certain types of cancer and neurological complications. The overuse and misuse of anti-herpesvirus drugs are key factors leading to drug resistance.
  • 896
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Southern African Lion
The Southern African lion is a Panthera leo melanochaita population in Southern Africa. During the 20th century, lion populations in this part of Africa became fragmented and declined in several range countries due to loss of habitat and prey base, poaching and killing of lions to protect livestock and human life. In 2005, a Lion Conservation Strategy was developed for Southern and East Africa. Today, lion populations are stable only in large protected area complexes. In intensively managed protected areas in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, they increased since the turn of this century. The scientific name P. l. melanochaita was proposed for the Cape lion in 1842 that was eradicated in the mid-19th century. P. l. melanochaita differs genetically from P. leo leo; the two subspecies probably diverged at least 50,000 years ago.
  • 894
  • 18 Oct 2022
Biography
Max Tegmark
Max Erik Tegmark[1] (born 5 May 1967) is a Swedish-American physicist, cosmologist and machine learning researcher. He is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the scientific director of the Foundational Questions Institute. He is also a co-founder of the Future of Life Institute and a supporter of the effective altruism movement, and has received research grants from Elon
  • 893
  • 22 Nov 2022
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