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Topic Review
Main Potential Cytokine Targets in Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease mediated by disturbed T cells and other immune cells, and is defined by deep-red, well-demarcated skin lesions. Using biologics to target specific immune components, such as upregulated cytokines secreted by activated immune cells, is the most advanced therapy for psoriasis to date.
  • 911
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp)
Hemp, or Cannabis sativa L., is an oleaginous plant known as one of the oldest plants cultivated by humankind, specifically for medicinal properties and non-edible fiber content.
  • 911
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Bartonella henselae in a Biofilm
Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes cat scratch disease, bacteremia, and endocarditis, as well as other clinical presentations. B. henselae has been shown to form a biofilm in vitro that likely plays a role in the establishment and persistence of the bacterium in the host.
  • 911
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Live Cell and Antioxidant Activities
Plant extracts and pharmacopoeias represent an exceptional breeding ground for the discovery of new antioxidants. Until recently, the antioxidant activity was only measured by chemical hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single-electron transfer (SET) cell-free assays that do not inform about the actual effect of antioxidants in living systems. By providing information about the mode of action of antioxidants at the subcellular level, recently developed live cell assays are now changing the game.
  • 911
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sugar Beet N Fertilization Management
Sugar beet fertilization is a very complex agrotechnical measure for farmers. The main reason is that technological quality is equally important as sugar beet yield, but the increment of the root yield does not follow the root quality. Technological quality implies the concentration of sucrose in the root and the possibility of its extraction in the production of white table sugar. The great variability of agroecological factors that directly affect root yield and quality are possible good agrotechnics, primarily by minimizing fertilization. It should be considered that for sugar beet, the status of a single plant available nutrient in the soil is more important than the total amounts of nutrients in the soil. Soil analysis will show us the amount of free nutrients, the degree of soil acidity and the status of individual elements in the soil so that farmers can make a compensation plan. An estimate of the mineralizing ability of the soil, the N min, is very important in determining the amount of mineral nitrogen that the plant can absorb for high root yield and good technological quality.
  • 911
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Fiddlehead Fern
Fiddleheads or fiddlehead greens are the furled fronds of a young fern, harvested for use as a vegetable. Left on the plant, each fiddlehead would unroll into a new frond (circinate vernation). As fiddleheads are harvested early in the season before the frond has opened and reached its full height, they are cut fairly close to the ground. Fiddleheads have antioxidant activity, are a source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and are high in iron and fibre. Certain varieties of fiddleheads have been shown to be carcinogenic. (See bracken poisoning) The fiddlehead resembles the curled ornamentation (called a scroll) on the end of a stringed instrument, such as a fiddle. It is also called a crozier, after the curved staff used by bishops, which has its origins in the shepherd's crook.
  • 911
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Regulated Cell Death Modes
Most animal cell types have the ability to undergo turnover at different rates throughout the organism's life span, dying either accidentally or in a deliberate manner. If a cell suffers from irreparable structural or organelle damage, it most likely passively disintegrates and dies. In this case, the plasma membrane ruptures and the noxious intracellular components are released into the extracellular matrix, where they trigger an inflammatory response. However, if a cell sustains non-fatal damage, or if it is too old, contains dysfunctional organelles, has suffered oxidative damage, etc, it is deliberately eliminated through an active, physiologically-regulated process of cell death termed regulated cell death (RCD), which is not accompanied by an inflammatory response. RCD plays beneficial physiological roles in development and in systems maintenance, but can become malignant and lead to pathological conditions when it is impaired, insufficient or in excess.  In the context of liver injury and disease, RCD is pivotal in directing the severity and outcome of the disease. Hepatocyte death is a critical event in the progression of disease due to resultant inflammation, which may lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and other morbidities if not treated in a timely manner.
  • 911
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Bioavailability of Food Bioactive Peptides
Bioactive peptides have been recognized as an important category of functional food ingredients, which exert a potential impact on human health beyond their nutritional value. However, although peptides have been demonstrated to exert multiple benefits by biochemical assays, cell culture, and animal models, the ability to translate the new findings into practical or commercial uses remains delayed because of several challenges that require to be addressed. Researchers have found that the in vitro bioactivity of peptides do not always correlate with in vivo effects. This is due to the fact that physiological effects of peptides depend largely on their ability to remain intact after digestive process. The peptides that resist the digestion and arrive intact at the intestinal absorption site can have a local function or may be able to cross the epithelium, enter the bloodstream, reach the target organ, and have a systemic effect. Therefore, as much as it is in pharmacology research, investigating the stability and bioavailability of bioactive peptides has become a new trend in the current functional food field. 
  • 910
  • 09 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Precision Agriculture for Farming
Precision agriculture (PA) is a technology-enabled, data-driven approach to farming management that observes, measures, and analyzes the needs of individual fields and crops. Precision livestock farming (PLF), relying on the automatic monitoring of individual animals, is used for animal growth, milk production, and the detection of diseases as well as to monitor animal behavior and their physical environment, among others.
  • 910
  • 18 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Essential Oils as Antimicrobials
Essential oil is a term reserved for those compounds that are defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in their ISO 9235. These kinds of compounds are complex mixtures originated from the secondary metabolism, produced by the glandular trichomes, and in different secretory structures. They can be composed by terpenes, associated or not to other components, generally volatile and that provides an odor to the vegetable. These compounds have (with exceptions) a density lower than water density and are usually presented in liquid form. Besides, essential oils are hydrophobic compounds, soluble in alcohol (among others) and only a little soluble in water.
  • 910
  • 14 Jan 2021
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