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Topic Review
Arbovirus Disease in Humans and Animals
Arboviruses consist of a diverse family of pathogens that can infect a wide range of animals and humans. Arboviruses are a diverse family of vector-borne pathogens that include members of the Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Phenuviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Reoviridae, Asfarviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Poxviridae families.
  • 328
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Microglial Responses to Stress-Induced Depression
Growing evidence suggests that microglial inflammatory activation is crucial in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Chronic exposure to stressful stimuli, a significant risk factor for MDD, has been associated with the activation of peripheral and central immune cells, leading to inflammation. The aim is to discuss microglial responses to stress-induced depression comprehensively. Animal models used in preclinical studies of depression often utilize stressors to induce pathology similar to depression. These studies offer compelling evidence of microglial inflammatory activation, resulting in neuropathology and depressive-like behavior.
  • 296
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activity of Coriander Essential Oil
There has been a growing demand for the use of naturally-derived compounds in medicine, food preservation, pesticides, and herbicides. The coriander essential oils, produced as secondary metabolites, contain single or groups of phytocompounds that possess pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. The biological activities and therapeutic effects of coriander essential oil make it a suitable agent for treating bacterial and fungal infections in plants and animals, and for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
  • 447
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Classification of Phenolic Antioxidants
Phenolic compounds are classified as primary antioxidants and originate from one of the main classes of secondary metabolites in plants. They have antioxidant properties through several mechanisms: (i) the ability to remove free radicals and inhibit the formation of reactive species during the normal course of metabolism; (ii) preventing the occurrence of damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; and (iii) preventing consequent cell damage and death. Thus, they are commonly associated with preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
  • 543
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Obesity and Breast  Adipose Tissue Fibrosis
Obesity is a rising health concern and is linked to a worsened breast cancer prognosis. Tumor desmoplasia, which is characterized by elevated numbers of cancer-associated fibroblasts and the deposition of fibrillar collagens within the stroma, may contribute to the aggressive clinical behavior of breast cancer in obesity. A major component of the breast is adipose tissue, and fibrotic changes in adipose tissue due to obesity may contribute to breast cancer development and the biology of the resulting tumors. Adipose tissue fibrosis is a consequence of obesity that has multiple sources.
  • 299
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a very common arrhythmia that mainly affects older individuals. The mechanism of atrial fibrillation is complex and is related to the pathogenesis of trigger activation and the perpetuation of arrhythmia. The pulmonary veins in the left atrium arei confirm that onfirm the most common triggers due to their distinct anatomical and electrophysiological properties.
  • 400
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Hematopoietic stem cell: regulation and nutritional intervention
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent precursors with the unique ability to self-renew into all cell types and self-regenerate in order to resume proliferation in the blood-forming system. They are crucial for the life maintenance of bio-organisms. Investigation into the functioning of HSCs remains a prominent and dynamic area of exploration by researchers. Here we summarizes the intrinsic factors (i.e., RNA-binding protein, modulators in epigenetics and enhancer–promotor-mediated transcription) essential to the function of HSCs.
  • 276
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Emerging Role of ALDH1A1 in Cancer Stem Cells
The protein family of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) encompasses nineteen members. The ALDH1 subfamily consists of enzymes with similar activity, having the capacity to neutralize lipid peroxidation products and to generate retinoic acid; however, only ALDH1A1 emerges as a significant risk factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Not only is the gene ALDH1A1 on average significantly overexpressed in the poor prognosis group at the RNA level, but its protein product, ALDH1A1 protects acute myeloid leukemia cells from lipid peroxidation byproducts. This capacity to protect cells can be ascribed to the stability of the enzyme under conditions of oxidant stress. The capacity to protect cells is evident both in vitro, as well as in mouse xenografts of those cells, shielding cells effectively from a number of potent antineoplastic agents. However, the role of ALDH1A1 in acute myeloid leukemia has been unclear in the past due to evidence that normal cells often have higher aldehyde dehydrogenase activity than leukemic cells. This being true, ALDH1A1 RNA expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis. It is hence imperative that ALDH1A1 is methodically targeted, particularly for the acute myeloid leukemia patients of the poor prognosis risk group that overexpress ALDH1A1 RNA.
  • 386
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Tea/Tree Intercropping Plantations on Soil Ecological Service Function
The benefits of intercropping tea plantations exceeded those of monocropping tea plantations in terms of soil ecosystem service functions, such as water retention capacity, mineral contents, effects on energy transformation, and regulating environmental conditions. Intercropping tea plantations were more sustainable than regular tea plantations because of the different degrees of variability and benefits in all three aspects mentioned above. However, tea and tree intercropping plantations often require careful planning and preliminary experimentation to determine the type of intercropping that will have positive impacts, especially in the long term.
  • 776
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
TRPA1 as a Factor in Migraine-Related Intracranial Hypersensitivity
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has gained more attention in migraine-related research. The involvement of the TRPA1 receptor in migraine headaches is proposed by the fact that TRPA1 may be a target of some migraine-triggering factors. Although it is doubtful that activation of TRPA1 alone is sufficient to induce pain, behavioral studies have demonstrated that TRPA1 is involved in injury- and inflammation-induced hypersensitivity. Here, the functional relevance of TRPA1 in headaches and its therapeutic potential was introduced, mainly focusing on its role in the development of hypersensitivity, referring to its altered expression in pathological conditions, and its functional interaction with other TRP channels.
  • 332
  • 09 Jun 2023
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