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Topic Review
Photosynthetic Function of Phycobilisomes
The phycobilisome (PBS) is the major light-harvesting apparatus in cyanobacteria and red algae. It is a large multi-subunit protein complex of several megadaltons that is found on the stromal side of thylakoid membranes in orderly arrays. Chromophore lyases catalyse the thioether bond between apoproteins and phycobilins of PBSs.
  • 261
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal subcellular organelle responsible for protein quality control in the secretory pathway, preventing protein misfolding and aggregation. Failure of protein quality control in the ER triggers several molecular mechanisms such as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), the unfolded protein response (UPR) or reticulophagy, which are activated upon ER stress (ERS) to re-establish protein homeostasis by transcriptionally and translationally regulated complex signalling pathways.
  • 538
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Complications of Different Types of Cancer Therapies
It is more likely that a long-term survivor will have both cardiovascular disease and cancer on account of the progress in cancer therapy. Cardiotoxicity is a well-recognized and highly concerning adverse effect of cancer therapies. This side effect can manifest in a proportion of cancer patients and may lead to the discontinuation of potentially life-saving anticancer treatment regimens. Consequently, this discontinuation may adversely affect the patient’s survival prognosis. There are various underlying mechanisms by which each anticancer treatment affects the cardiovascular system.
  • 419
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Conservation
The biodiversity of our planet is under threat, with approximately one million species expected to become extinct within decades. The reason: negative human actions, which include hunting, overfishing, pollution, and the conversion of land for urbanisation and agricultural purposes. Despite significant investment from charities and governments for activities that benefit nature, global wildlife populations continue to decline. Local wildlife guardians have historically played a critical role in global conservation efforts and have shown their ability to achieve sustainability at various levels.
  • 398
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Etiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects more than 230 million people worldwide. PAD patients suffer from reduced quality of life and are at increased risk of vascular complications and all-cause mortality. Despite its prevalence, impact on quality of life and poor long-term clinical outcomes, PAD remains underdiagnosed and undertreated compared to myocardial infarction and stroke. PAD is due to a combination of macrovascular atherosclerosis and calcification, combined with microvascular rarefaction, leading to chronic peripheral ischemia. Novel therapies are needed to address the increasing incidence of PAD and its difficult long-term pharmacological and surgical management.
  • 398
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. In addition to several factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, etc., a growing body of evidence has indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication of tumor cells within the TME, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. 
  • 292
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Immune System's Role in Liver Biology and Metabolism
The liver is a remarkable organ, which coordinates a multitude of critical functions, whilst retaining the ability to dramatically remodel and regenerate damaged tissue. The liver is composed of four lobes which are subdivided into lobule structures. These are hexagonal in appearance, with each corner displaying the portal triad that consists of the portal vein, bile duct and hepatic artery. Although the liver is an exceptionally regenerative organ, chronic damage may result in scar tissue formation. This does not only have consequences for organ function but is also a major barrier for liver tissue remodeling and regeneration.
  • 423
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Anti-Bacterial Artemisia Plants
Over 70,000 people die of bacterial infections worldwide annually. Antibiotics have been liberally used to treat these diseases and, consequently, antibiotic resistance and drug ineffectiveness has been generated. In this environment, new anti-bacterial compounds are being urgently sought. Around 500 Artemisia species have been identified worldwide. Most species of this genus are aromatic and have multiple functions. Research into the Artemisia plants has expanded rapidly in recent years.
  • 213
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Food Safety
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have been powerful solutions used to improve food yield, quality, and nutrition, increase safety and traceability while decreasing resource consumption, and eliminate food waste. 
  • 412
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Endogenous Enzyme during Meat Processing
Meat aging is a combination of transformations that originate in the animal’s muscle after slaughter, resulting in changes in colour, tenderness and aroma. The biochemical processes that occur during meat aging are mainly caused by endogenous enzymes, leading to glycolysis, proteolysis and lipolysis.
  • 698
  • 12 Jun 2023
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