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Topic Review
Sucrose Mobilization and Catabolism in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs that supply mineral nutrients to the host plant in exchange for carbon derived from photosynthesis. Sucrose is the end-product of photosynthesis and the main compound used by plants to translocate photosynthates to non-photosynthetic tissues. AMF alter carbon distribution in plants by modifying the expression and activity of key enzymes of sucrose biosynthesis, transport, and/or catabolism. 
  • 771
  • 01 Feb 2022
Topic Review
SUCLG1 Gene
Succinate-CoA ligase alpha subunit: The SUCLG1 gene provides instructions for making one part, the alpha subunit, of an enzyme called succinate-CoA ligase.
  • 390
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
SUCLA2 Gene
Succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming beta subunit: The SUCLA2 gene provides instructions for making one part (a beta subunit) of an enzyme called succinate-CoA ligase.
  • 434
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Succinate-CoA Ligase Deficiency
Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects the early development of the brain and other body systems.
  • 606
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Succinate Dehydrogenase and Cellular Energy Metabolism
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is one of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Succinate dehydrogenase by pesticides (SDHIs) constitute a class of pesticides to fight against fungi. This represents roughly a dozen different molecules sharing the property to inhibit the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme implicated in carbon metabolism and cellular respiration.
  • 514
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Succession Pathways in Mixed Forests of Pacific Northwest
Forest succession is an ecological phenomenon that can span centuries. Nowadays it is recognized that stochastic events and disturbances play a pivotal role in forest succession. In spite of that, forest maps and management plans around the world are developed and focused on a unique “climax” community, likely due to the difficulty of quantifying alternative succession pathways. Our work demonstrated that a three-pathway stochastic succession model can mimic the observed landscape distribution among different stand types before commercial logging started in the region. We conclude that, while knowing the difficulty of parameterizing this type of models, their use is needed to recognize that for a given site, there may be multiple “climax” communities and hence forest management should account for them.
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review Video
Successful Experiences from Global Spread of Conservation Agriculture
Since 2008/2009, Conservation Agriculture (CA) cropland area has been expanding globally at an annual rate of more than 10 M ha per year. In 2015/2016, the total CA cropland area was 180.4 M ha, corresponding to 12.5% of global cropland area. In 2018/2019, the total cropland area was 205.4 M ha, corresponding to 14.7% of global cropland area. The spread of CA has been expanding in Asia, Africa, and Europe in recent years because farmers are becoming better organized in working together and networking. More attention and resources are being allocated by stakeholders towards supporting farmers to adopt CA and in generating new knowledge to improve their performance.
  • 458
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Subtypes of PPARs and Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and lethality. Its pathogenesis is related to the abnormal expression of many genes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand-dependent transcription factors in the nuclear receptor superfamily. They can regulate the transcription of a large number of target genes, which are involved in life activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and regulate physiological processes such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and wound healing. Further, the changes in its expression are associated with various diseases, including breast cancer. The PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ express differently in different tissues, with differences in target genes, biological activities, and ligand affinities. The PPARs participate in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and homeostasis, as well as various physiological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, inflammation, and vascular biology. In addition, the three subtypes of PPARs also regulate the occurrence and development of many malignant tumors via different mechanisms; breast cancer is one of them.
  • 351
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Subtype-Specific Cardiomyocytes
Cardiogenesis produces multiple cardiac muscle cell subtypes, including the contractile cardiomyocytes constituting the four heart chambers and the non-contractile cardiomyocytes forming the cardiac conduction system. The various cardiac cellular subtypes (e.g. atrial, ventricular, nodal) are highly specified, with each subtype expressing a unique set of structural proteins, ion channels and transcription factors. Stringent spatiotemporal molecular, transcriptomic, and electrophysiological regulation gives rise to the differentiation and maturation of the multiple cardiomyocyte subtypes. The precise generation of subtype-specific cardiomyocytes is necessary for translational applications of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for regenerative medicine.  
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Subtelomeric Heterochromatin in Rye
The genome of cultivated rye, Secale cereale L., is considered one of the largest among species of the tribe Triticeae and thus it tops the average angiosperm genome and the genomes of its closest evolutionary neighbors, such as species of barley, Hordeum (by approximately 30–35%), and diploid wheat species, Triticum (approximately 25%).The review provides an analysis of the structural organization of subtelomeric heterochromatic regions of rye chromosomes with a description of the molecular mechanisms contributing to their size increase during evolution and the classes of DNA sequences involved in these processes. 
  • 347
  • 26 Jun 2023
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