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Topic Review
High-Yield Production of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is a major societal concern, and therefore, there is a significant consumer demand for cosmetics formulated to mitigate the harmful effects of UV radiation. Synthetic sunscreens being formulated to block UV penetration include inorganic metal oxide particles and organic filters. Lately, organic UV-absorbing compounds are manufactured from non-renewable petrochemicals and, as a result, there is a need to develop a sustainable manufacturing process for efficient, high-level production of a naturally occurring group of UV-absorbing compounds, namely mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), for use as a sunscreen additive to skincare products.
  • 495
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Disease
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles (BEVs) possess the capability of intracellular interactions with other cells, and, hence, can be utilized as an efficient cargo for worldwide delivery of therapeutic substances such as monoclonal antibodies, proteins, plasmids, siRNA, and small molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). BEVs additionally possess a remarkable capacity for delivering these therapeutics across the blood–brain barrier to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
  • 454
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers
Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. 
  • 339
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Gap Junction in the Retina
Gap junctions (GJs) are not static bridges; instead, GJs as well as the molecular building block connexin (Cx) proteins undergo major expression changes in the degenerating retinal tissue. Various progressive diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, age-related retinal degeneration, etc., affect neurons of the retina and thus their neuronal connections endure irreversible changes as well.
  • 381
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Protein Ser/Thr Phosphatase Folding
Post-translational modification (PTM) is a key mechanism providing the functional diversity of proteins in cellular signaling and physiology and changing the functions or stability of proteins. 
  • 301
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Amounts of Caffeoylquinic Acid in Coffee By-Products
Chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids are naturally occurring antioxidant dietary polyphenolic compounds found in high concentrations in plants, fruits, vegetables, coffee, and coffee by-products. Coffee is particularly cultivated and produced in tropical and subtropical regions along the equator (the so-called “coffee belt”), where ideal growth is possible due to the constantly warm temperatures and humid climate without extreme weather fluctuations.
  • 734
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Enterocin DD14
Enterocin DD14 (EntDD14) is a two-peptide leaderless bacteriocin (LLB) produced by Enterococcus faecalis 14, a human strain isolated from meconium. Studies performed on EntDD14 enabled it to show its activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • 324
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Duckweeds in Different Civilizations
Duckweeds (Lemnaceae Martinov) are a globally spread family of higher plants with greatly reduced anatomies that float in slow-moving waters, such as found at river or lake edges or in still ponds and pools. Although these small plants are full-fledged monocot angiosperms, they reproduce mainly by vegetative budding at rapid rates, forming floating mats of verdant green in their natural habitat. The family is divided into five genera (Spirodela Schleid., Lemna L., Landoltia Les and Crawford, Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid. and Wolffiella Hegelm.) and has 36 species. The first monograph dedicated to the duckweeds was published in 1839, while biochemical studies of the family initiated around the 1950s. Due to their miniature size, rapid growth rates, and ease of manipulation, interest in duckweeds both as a molecular-genetic research tool and in agrotechnology is now flourishing in the post-genomic era.
  • 295
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Mushroom Biotechnology
A mushroom is the fruit body of a fungus. There are 44,000 known species in the fungi kingdom, but not all of them produce mushrooms. Fungi lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic organisms that break down organic matter in various ways. Mushrooms have always been an important source of food, with high nutritional value and medicinal attributes. With the use of biotechnological applications, mushrooms have gained further attention as a source of healthy food and bioenergy. Mushroom biotechnology is defined as the science in which mushrooms are included in processes like bioconversion, biorefining, bioremediation, and biodegradation.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nanosilicate-Polysaccharide Composite Hydrogels for Bone Scaffolds
The revolutionary technology of 3D printing has emerged, allowing us to create realistic models of bones known as anthropomorphic phantoms. These phantoms mimic the spatial, physical, and biological characteristics of bone tissue, enabling us to study and develop innovative techniques in various scientific disciplines. Nanosilicate-polysaccharide composite hydrogels are a well-studied class of materials in regenerative medicine that combine good 3D printability, staining, and biological properties, making them an excellent candidate material for complex bone scaffolds.
  • 309
  • 25 Jul 2023
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