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Topic Review
Secretome Derived from SHED in Tissue Regeneration
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have emerged as an alternative stem cell source for cell therapy and regenerative medicine because they are readily available, pose fewer ethical concerns, and have low immunogenicity and tumourigenicity. SHED offer a number of advantages over other dental stem cells, including a high proliferation rate with the potential to differentiate into multiple developmental lineages. The therapeutic effects of SHED are mediated by multiple mechanisms, including immunomodulation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis. Since SHED are more potentially useful source of stem cells than BM-MSCs and DPSCs in cell therapy, therefore it could be suggested that the secretome derived from SHED could enhance tissue regeneration and repair and hence, considered as a suitable candidate for a cell-free approach in regenerative medicine and dentistry.
  • 350
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Proline Isomerization in Human Disease
Proline isomerization influences protein folding and function tremendously and serves as a unique type of post-translational modification that regulates multiple biological pathways. Although impactful, the importance and prevalence of proline isomerization as a regulation mechanism in biological systems has not been fully understood or recognized. 
  • 572
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nitric Oxide and S-nitrosoglutathione in Plants
Iron (Fe) is abundant in soils but with a poor availability for plants, especially in calcareous soils. To favor its acquisition, plants develop morphological and physiological responses, mainly in their roots, known as Fe deficiency responses. Most of these substances, including auxin, ethylene, glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO), increase their production in Fe-deficient roots while S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), derived from GSH and NO, decreases its content. This paradoxical result could be explained with the increased expression and activity in Fe-deficient roots of the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) enzyme, which decomposes GSNO to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and NH3. The fact that NO content increases while GSNO decreases in Fe-deficient roots suggests that NO and GSNO do not play the same role in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses. 
  • 282
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Grape Ripe Rot Caused by the Colletotrichum Complex
Grape ripe rot, which is predominantly caused by the Colletotrichum species, presents a growing threat to global grape cultivation. This threat is amplified by the increasing populations of the Colletotrichum species in response to warmer climates.
  • 290
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Integrating Signaling Pathways in Design of Smart Hydrogels
Hydrogel biomaterials have been employed to facilitate the process of vascularization. These materials are designed to provide a supportive environment for the growth and development of blood vessels. By incorporating specific cues and factors, hydrogel biomaterials can effectively promote angiogenesis, allowing for the formation of a functional vascular network. The properties of hydrogels, such as their biocompatibility and tunable physical characteristics, make them suitable for creating a conducive microenvironment that supports vascular cell proliferation, migration, and organization. Through careful design and optimization, hydrogel biomaterials hold promise in advancing strategies for successful vascularization in various biomedical applications. Numerous hydrogel culture platforms are available, offering a variety of options for tissue growth. 
  • 285
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Adiponectin during Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes
Pregnancy involves a range of metabolic adaptations to supply adequate energy for fetal growth and development. Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as hyperglycemia with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is a recognized risk factor for both pregnancy complications and long-term maternal and offspring risk of cardiometabolic disease development. Pregnancy changes maternal metabolism, GDM can be viewed as a maladaptation by maternal systems to pregnancy, which may include mechanisms such as insufficient insulin secretion, dysregulated hepatic glucose output, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity. Adiponectin is an adipose-tissue-derived adipokine that circulates in the body and regulates a diverse range of physiologic mechanisms including energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In pregnant women, circulating adiponectin levels decrease correspondingly with insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin levels are low in GDM.
  • 289
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Sensing of Biofilms
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that can form on various surfaces, including medical devices, industrial equipment, and natural environments. The presence of biofilms can lead to a range of problems, including infections, reduced efficiency and failure of equipment, biofouling or spoilage, and environmental damage. As a result, there is a growing need for tools to measure and monitor levels of biofilms in various biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food processing settings.
  • 423
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Anoxia Tolerance in Rice Seeds under Submergence
Submergence in rice fields creating inundation stress and realizing anoxia or hypoxia is a problem in agriculture. Seeds under this oxygen deficit are faced with fermentative respiration, where the end product would be poisoning the tissue viability. This is more aggravated in direct seeded rice cultivation with the accumulation of lactate as a poison. 
  • 294
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Spirulina spp.
Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green filamentous photosynthetic alga, is widely recognized as a valuable protein source, containing approximately 55–70% protein, 25% carbohydrates, essential amino acids, and 18% fatty acids. It is also rich in various vitamins and minerals. Notably, spirulina is known for its high content of thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, vitamin C, gamma-linolenic acid, phycocyanins, tocopherols, chlorophyll, beta-carotenes, and carotenoids.
  • 422
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Rhizobia as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Rhizobia can associate with non-legume roots, which ultimately leads to the stimulation of growth through diverse direct and indirect mechanisms. For example, rhizobia can enhance growth through phytohormones production, the improvement of plant nutrient uptake, such as the solubilization of precipitated phosphorus, the production of siderophores to address iron needs, and also the reduction of ethylene levels through the aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme to cope with drought stress. Additionally, rhizobia can improve, indirectly, non-legume growth through biocontrol of pathogens and the induction of systemic resistance in the host plant. It can also increase root adherence to soil by releasing exopolysaccharides, which regulate water and soil nutrient movement.
  • 386
  • 21 Aug 2023
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