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Topic Review
Implications of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in NSCLC
Lung cancer remains one of the major human malignancies affecting both men and women worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent type. Multiple mechanisms have been identified that favor tumor growth as well as impede the efficacy of therapeutic regimens in lung cancer patients. Among tumor suppressor genes that play critical roles in regulating cancer growth, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) constitutes one of the important family members implicated in controlling various functional activities of tumor cells, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
  • 301
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Roles of Adrenoceptors in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease that is characterized by the narrowing of the arterial lumen due to the subendothelial accumulation of lipids. Atherosclerosis is the key underlying mechanism for ischemic heart disease and stroke. Despite the availability of a wide array of effective lipid-lowering medications such as statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9) inhibitors, ischemic heart disease and stroke remain the leading two causes of mortality globally, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
  • 445
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Regulation of Neurogenesis
Mitochondria, far beyond their prominent role as cellular powerhouses, are complex cellular organelles active as central metabolic hubs that are capable of integrating and controlling several signaling pathways essential for neurological processes, including neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. On the other hand, mitochondria are themselves regulated from a series of signaling proteins to achieve the best efficiency in producing energy, in establishing a network and in performing their own de novo synthesis or clearance. Dysfunctions in signaling processes that control mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and bioenergetics are increasingly associated with impairment in brain development and involved in a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. 
  • 399
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Morel Cultivation Industry in China
Morels are one of the most highly prized edible and medicinal mushrooms worldwide. Therefore, historically, there has been a large international interest in their cultivation. Numerous ecological, physiological, genetic, taxonomic, and mycochemical studies have been previously developed. At the beginning of 21th century, China finally achieved artificial cultivation and started a high-scale commercial development in 2012. Due to its international interest, its cultivation scale and area expanded rapidly in this country. However, along with the massive industrial scale, a number of challenges, including the maintenance of steady economic profits, arise. In order to contribute to the solution of these challenges, formal research studying selection, species recognition, strain aging, mating type structure, life cycle, nutrient metabolism, growth and development, and multi-omics has recently been boosted.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Quality Attributes in Centella asiatica(L.) Urban
Centella asiatica is well known for its miraculous therapeutic properties in various systems of traditional medicine across the world. However, significant variation in its pharmacological activities has been reported due to the unavailability of quality raw material and non-standardized formulations. A number of research papers have been published on the collection of C. asiatica plants from different regions for the identification of a suitable agroclimate with elite germplasms. Efforts have been made to standardize production and post-harvest practices for the availability of quality raw material with a high centelloside content. 
  • 582
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Importance of Access to Genetic Diversity for Breeding
Plant breeders develop competitive, high-yielding, resistant crop varieties that can cope with the challenges of biotic stresses and tolerate abiotic stresses, resulting in nutritious food for consumers worldwide. To achieve this, plant breeders need continuous and easy access to plant genetic resources (PGR) for trait screening, to generate new diversity that can be built into newly improved varieties. International agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) and the Nagoya Protocol recognized the sovereign rights of countries over their genetic resources. However, some of the rules and conditions that regulate access and benefit-sharing arrangements have been established under these framework agreements hamper or limit access of public and private plant breeders as well as other users of these increasingly threatened plant genetic resources. Thus, these restrictive conditions cause a potential threat to the continued improvement and adaptation of crops and varieties to the ever-changing growing conditions.
  • 493
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Human Exome Sequencing and Prospects for Predictive Medicine
Today, whole-exome sequencing (WES) is used to conduct the massive screening of structural and regulatory genes in order to identify the allele frequencies of disease-associated polymorphisms in various populations and thus detect pathogenic genetic changes (mutations or polymorphisms) conducive to malfunctional protein sequences. With its extensive capabilities, exome sequencing today allows both the diagnosis of monogenic diseases (MDs) and the examination of seemingly healthy populations to reveal a wide range of potential risks prior to disease manifestation (in the future, exome sequencing may outpace costly and less informative genome sequencing to become the first-line examination technique). This research establishes the human genetic passport as a new WES-based clinical concept for the identification of new candidate genes, gene variants, and molecular mechanisms in the diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of monogenic, oligogenic, and multifactorial diseases. Various diseases are addressed to demonstrate the extensive potential of WES and consider its advantages as well as disadvantages. Thus, WES can become a general test with a broad spectrum pf applications, including opportunistic screening
  • 406
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Listeria in Conventional and Alternative Egg Production Systems
Listeria continues to be a persistent foodborne pathogen that is responsible for human cases of listeriosis when contaminated food products are consumed. Human subjects considered to be most susceptible include the elderly, immunocompromised, and pregnant women. Listeria is characterized as a saprophytic organism with the capability of responding and adapting to constantly changing environments because it possesses multiple stress response mechanisms to overcome varying temperatures, salt concentrations, and pH, among others. Primary foods and food products associated with listeriosis include dairy products and ready-to-eat meats such as turkey products. Historically, chicken eggs have not been identified as a primary source of Listeria, but the potential for contamination during egg production and processing does exist. Listeria species have been isolated from egg-processing plant equipment and are presumed to occur in egg-processing plant environments. Whether Listeria is consistently disseminated onto eggs beyond the egg-processing plant is a risk factor that remains to be determined. 
  • 377
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Seed Characteristics and Germination within the Rosa Genus
Seed germination is a crucial stage in the life cycle of plants, and understanding the factors influencing germination is essential for successful cultivation, plant breeding, and conservation efforts. The genus Rosa, commonly known as roses, encompasses a diverse group of flowering plants renowned for their beauty and fragrance. Rosa germination is influenced by a variety of factors, including seed dormancy, environmental conditions, and seed treatments. Many Rosa species exhibit different types of seed dormancy, such as physical dormancy caused by hard seed coats and physiological dormancy due to internal mechanisms. Overcoming seed dormancy often requires specific treatments, including cold stratification, scarification, or chemical treatments, to promote germination. Environmental factors, including temperature, moisture, light, and substrate, play vital roles in Rosa germination.
  • 607
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1), also known as ADP-ribosyl transferase with diphtheria toxin homology 1 (ARTD-1), is a critical player in DNA damage repair, during which it catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of self and target enzymes. While the nuclear localization of PARP-1 has been well established, recent studies also suggest its mitochondrial localization.
  • 297
  • 28 Aug 2023
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