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Topic Review
Tendon and Mast Cells
Understanding the links between the tendon healing process, inflammatory mechanisms, and tendon homeostasis after tissue damage is crucial in developing novel therapeutics for human tendon disorders. The inflammatory mechanisms that are operative in response to tendon injury are not fully understood, but it has been suggested that inflammation occurring in response to nerve signaling, i.e., neurogenic inflammation, has a pathogenic role. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells in the communication with peripheral nerves, and their emerging role in tendon healing and inflammation after injury.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Tendon and Ligament Repair with MSC-EVs
Tendon and ligament injury poses an increasingly large burden to society. With surgical repair and grafting susceptible to high failure rates, tissue engineering provides novel avenues for treatment.
  • 637
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Tendencies Affecting Growth and Cultivation of Genus Spirulina
Spirulina, a kind of blue-green algae, is one of the Earth’s oldest known forms of life. Spirulina grows best in very alkaline environments, although it may flourish across a wide variety of pH values. There are several techniques for growing Spirulina spp., ranging from open systems such as ponds and lakes, which are vulnerable to contamination by animals and extraterrestrial species, to closed systems such as photovoltaic reactors, which are not. Most contaminated toxins come from other toxic algae species that become mixed up during harvest, necessitating the study of spirulina production processes at home. Lighting, temperature, inoculation volume, stirring speed, dissolved particles, pH, water quality, and overall micronutrient richness are only a few of the environmental parameters influencing spirulina production.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Tenascin-C-Derived Peptide, TNIIIA2
Matricellular proteins harbor functional sites within their molecular structures. These functional sites are released via proteolytic cleavage by inflammatory proteinases, and the peptides containing these hidden functional sites have unique biological activities that are often not detected in the parent molecules. A peptide containing the functional site of tenascin-C (TNC), termed TNIIIA2, which is highly released at sites of inflammation and in the tumor microenvironment, has the ability to potently and persistently activate β1-integrins. Based on these activities, TNIIIA2-containing TNC fragments/peptides are involved in the acquisition of aggressiveness in cancer progression.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Temporary Implants (Magnesium/Zinc) in Cardiovascular Applications
Medical application materials must meet multiple requirements, and the designed material must mimic the structure, shape. and support the formation of the replacing tissue. Magnesium (Mg) and Zinc alloys (Zn), as a “smart” biodegradable material and as “the green engineering material in the 21st century”, have become an outstanding implant material due to their natural degradability, smart biocompatibility, and desirable mechanical properties. Magnesium and Zinc are recognized as the next generation of cardiovascular stents and bioresorbable scaffolds. At the same time, improving the properties and corrosion resistance of these alloys is an urgent challenge. particularly to promote the application of magnesium alloys. A relatively fast deterioration rate of magnesium-based materials generally results in premature mechanical integrity compromise and local hydrogen build-up, resulting in restricted applicability. 
  • 758
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic disorder of the nervous system which is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes. TLE is the most common form of epilepsy with focal seizures. A focal seizure in the temporal lobe may spread to other areas in the brain when it may become a focal to bilateral seizure. TLE is diagnosed by taking a medical history, blood tests, and brain imaging. It can have a number of causes such as head injury, stroke, brain infections, structural lesions in the brain, or brain tumors, or it can be of unknown onset. The first line of treatment is through anticonvulsants. Surgery may be an option, especially when there is an observable abnormality in the brain. Another treatment option is electrical stimulation of the brain through an implanted device called the vagus nerve stimulator (VNS).
  • 751
  • 24 Oct 2022
Biography
Temple F. Smith
Temple Ferris Smith (born March 7, 1939) is an emeritus professor in biomedical engineering[1][2] who helped to develop the Smith-Waterman algorithm with Michael Waterman in 1981. The Smith-Waterman algorithm serves as the basis for multi sequence comparisons, identifying the segment with the maximum local sequence similarity, see sequence alignment. This algorithm is used for identifying simila
  • 468
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tempering Conditions on White Sorghum
Sorghum can be a good gluten-free replacement for those suffering from celiac disease, a disorder that induces gluten intolerance. Currently, the only cure for this autoimmune digestive disease is to consume a gluten-free diet throughout their life. Hence, the increasing demand for gluten-free bread from the groups of celiac disease and the challenges involved in making gluten-free bread, have led to increased research on gluten-free bread production. Much of the research on gluten-free bread production has focused on ingredients and product formulation, with less on the role of milling and flour properties. Flour particle size has been reported to play a significant role on gluten-free bread quality, which is dependent to a great extent on the milling technique performed. The other factors that affect the quality of bread are ash content of flour, which also depends on bran separation during milling, and water absorption capacity of flour during dough formation, which is affected by the damaged starch content in flour. These flour characteristics are affected by milling to a great extent due to the involvement of size reduction and separation of bran and germ from endosperm to procure flour.
  • 599
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Temperatures and Light Effect on Dormancy
Dormancy is defined as the sum of processes that create a situation wherein embryonic tissues are unable to grow, even under environmental conditions that generally favor growth and development. The effects of temperature to break dormancy, from work done on peach, can be summarized as follows: Effective temperatures are between −2 °C and 13 °C, and the most effective being 4–8 °C with reduced efficiency at higher and lower temperatures. Moderate temperatures between 13 °C and 16 °C that will not break dormancy alone, when occurring in a daily cycle after previous chilling, enhance the effect of chilling. On the other hand, temperatures higher than 18 °C in a daily cycle will nullify former chilling. This negative effect of high temperatures increases the longer the duration and the higher the temperature. However, when cycles are longer than a day, the chilling effect is final and cannot be nullified by high temperatures. Apart from the effects of temperature on dormancy, light effects on dormancy in peach trials had also been detected Clearly, the dormant vegetative buds perceive light signals and react to light during dormancy and bud breaks. On the other hand, flower buds in peach were found to be non-responsive to light. Dormancy in vegetative buds is induced by short days. During endodormancy, the limitation of light and even total darkness enhance bud breaks in spring, compared to buds receiving natural light. But darkness in spring will prevent vegetative bud break even following sufficient chilling during winter.  So, there is an analogy between chilling and darkness.
  • 238
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Temperature Management of Olive Fruit
The International Olive Council (IOC) defines virgin olive oils as “the oils obtained from the fruit of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) solely by mechanical or other physical means under conditions, particularly thermal conditions, that do not lead to alterations in the oil, and which have not undergone any treatment other than washing, decantation, centrifugation and filtration.”. This definition underlines the importance and the strict relation between the fruit on the one side, and the obtained oil on the other. The quality of the latter depends to a large extent on the quality of the former. At the same time, the definition specifies the need to restrict to a minimum the treatments that can be applied before and during the extraction process and explicitly points to the importance of controlling the temperature during the processing.
  • 668
  • 23 Sep 2021
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