Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Animal Models of Crohn Disease
Animal models are essential tools in Crohn's disease (CD) research. Mouse models, with their genetic tractability, and rat models, with physiological similarities to humans, allow researchers to explore CD's immunological aspects. Non-human primates, particularly rhesus macaques, provide insights into CD's complex immune interactions and allow for therapeutic testing. Zebrafish models offer optical transparency during development and a simplified gut structure for studying early CD pathogenesis. Porcine models, resembling humans more closely, enable investigations into mucosal healing, microbiota interactions, and surgical interventions. Humanized mouse models bridge the gap between animals and humans, offering a platform to study human-specific immune responses in CD research.
  • 268
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Lab Rodent Management
Maintaining laboratory rats and mice, critical for scientific research, involves careful breeding, housing, and ethical considerations. Breeding pairs must be selected with genetic diversity in mind, and a controlled environment with optimal temperature, lighting, and nesting materials is crucial for successful reproduction. Pregnancy and postnatal care, along with a focus on cage design, nutrition, and disease management, ensure the well-being of these animals. Ethical guidelines and regulatory compliance, such as approval from animal ethics committees and adherence to animal welfare legislation, underscore the responsible use of lab rats and mice. Meticulous record-keeping further supports the ethical and scientific integrity of research involving these small but invaluable creatures.
  • 235
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Valorization of Non-Edible Oilseed Residues
The sustainable development of biodiesel and oleochemical industries requires optimal recycling and reuse strategies for all the generated residues and by-products. The main residues from non-edible oilseeds are either lignocellulosic materials, such as fruit shells, pods, hulls, branches, and leaves, generated before oil extraction or a protein-rich material, e.g., the press cake or de-oiled meal, generated after oil extraction. Both lignocellulosic- and protein-rich materials have huge economic potential. However, since using non-edible oils for biodiesel production is still emerging, the valorization of non-edible oilseed residues is still underdeveloped compared to that of edible oil production residues. The utilization potential of non-edible oilseed residues goes far beyond the traditional energetic approaches. Thermochemical, biochemical, physico-chemical, and chemical approaches provide different utilization routes. Thermochemical approaches, such as gasification and pyrolysis, result in syngas, biochar, and biooil, which can then be converted into advanced biofuels or serve as raw materials for the chemical industry. In the biochemical conversion approach, by either anaerobic digestion, sugar-platform processes, or solid-state fermentation, microorganisms convert the starting substrates into gaseous or liquid biofuels, enzymes, or other compounds.
  • 339
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
“Orange” Wine
“Orange” wine, a product derived from white grapes, encapsulates the intriguing allure of ancient winemaking methods that trace their roots back to Georgia. The method enables an elevated presence of phenolic compounds, which can have a favorable influence on the sensory characteristics of the wines or their behavior during oxidative processes.
  • 525
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Interplay between Enucleated Sieve Elements and Companion Cells
In order to adapt to sessile life and terrestrial environments, vascular plants have developed highly sophisticated cells to transport photosynthetic products and developmental signals. Of these, two distinct cell types (i.e., the sieve element (SE) and companion cell) are arranged in precise positions, thus ensuring effective transport.
  • 340
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. The likelihood of developing a neurodegenerative disease rises dramatically as life expectancy increases. Although it has drawn significant attention, there is still a lack of proper effective treatments for neurodegenerative disease because the mechanisms of its development and progression are largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bi-lipid layer-enclosed nanosized particles in tissues and biological fluids. EVs are emerging as novel intercellular messengers and regulate a series of biological responses. Increasing evidence suggests that EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
  • 202
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Embryo Rescue in Plant Breeding
Embryo rescue (ER) techniques are among the oldest and most successful in vitro tissue culture protocols used with plant species. ER refers to a series of methods that promote the development of an immature or lethal embryo into a viable plant.  
  • 534
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Disruption of Thiol Homeostasis in NAFLD
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical–pathological syndrome characterized by excessive deposition of fat and fatty degeneration in liver cells in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption or other known causes of liver disease.  The formation of disulfide bonds is a reversible process that can be achieved through thiol–disulfide interchange.
  • 132
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Saponins
Saponins are a diverse group of naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites present in a wide range of foods ranging from grains, pulses, and green leaves to sea creatures. They consist of a hydrophilic sugar moiety linked to a lipophilic aglycone, resulting in an amphiphilic nature and unique functional properties. Their amphiphilic structures enable saponins to exhibit surface-active properties, resulting in stable foams and complexes with various molecules. In the context of food applications, saponins are utilized as natural emulsifiers, foaming agents, and stabilizers. They contribute to texture and stability in food products and have potential health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering and anticancer effects. Saponins possess additional bioactivities that make them valuable in the pharmaceutical industry as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents to name a few. Saponins can demonstrate cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and can also act as adjuvants, enhancing the immune response to vaccines. 
  • 963
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Prototheca spp. in Bovine Infections
Prototheca microalgae, although still considered uncommon etiologic agents, represent an insidious intruder, threatening cattle herd health and determining productive losses. Increasing numbers of clinical cases globally identified would indicate these microalgae as emerging pathogens. They can be isolated from a wide variety of environmental and non-environmental sources, due also to their ability to produce biofilm. This ability to spread and contaminate a huge variety of substrates, as well as the high resistance to elevated temperatures, renders Prototheca prevention a very hard task. In addition, early infection signs are subtle and difficult to detect. The poor response to conventional antimycotic drugs represents an additional challenge when facing this infection. Although it would seem unrealistic to completely eradicate the exposure risk of cows to these microalgae, the adoption of proper on-farm protocols and management, with the highest attention to hygiene measures, would be beneficial in reducing the magnitude of this problem. Keeping the attention focused on early diagnosis, together with the development of new, alternative, and effective agents and formulations, would be strongly advised to prevent, treat, and control Prototheca infections.
  • 917
  • 11 Sep 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1815
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback