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Topic Review
Apoptosis in Brief
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a vital biological process crucial for tissue balance, embryonic development, and removing damaged cells. Discovered in the 1970s, it has been extensively researched, revealing intricate molecular pathways. This research explores apoptosis comprehensively, focusing on its roles in tissue maintenance, embryogenesis, and disease. It delves into molecular mechanisms, regulatory proteins, and implications for conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, it highlights apoptosis's pivotal role in immunology, shaping the adaptive immune response. Understanding apoptosis offers valuable insights into various fields of biology and medicine, promising therapeutic advancements and deeper comprehension of life's intricacies.
  • 254
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Duplicated Genes within Neural Crest Gene Regulatory Network
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are an embryonic cell type that are unique to vertebrates, which emerge from the neural plate border. During neurulation, NCCs migrate throughout the body to give rise to a diverse array of neural and non-neural cell types including cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, peripheral neurons, and melanocytes.
  • 229
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Coenzyme A Biosynthesis and Malaria
Malaria parasites must acquire all necessary nutrients from the vertebrate and mosquito hosts to successfully complete their life cycle. Failure to acquire these nutrients can limit or even block parasite development and presents a novel target for malaria control. One such essential nutrient is pantothenate, also known as vitamin B5, which the parasite cannot synthesize de novo and is required for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) in the parasite. CoA is an essential cofactor in many cellular processes, including glucose oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, ketogenesis, amino acid metabolism, and protein acetylation, where CoA acts as a carrier of activated acetate.
  • 250
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Histomorphological Changes in Fish Gut after Prebiotics/Probiotics Treatment
Activities such as the digestion and absorption of feeds occur into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which also serves to excrete waste products of digestion. These processes occur thanks to the different species of microorganisms inhabiting the GIT, the microbiota, which contribute to the health status of fish by providing metabolic benefits and counteracting pathogen infection. The microbiota is affected by environmental conditions and by the dietary habits of fish species, and it may be modulated by the administration of feed additives based on prebiotics and probiotics. These represent a very useful tool to improve the health status of fish since they are able to enhance gut efficiency, nutrient uptake, defense against pathogens, and growth performance, as may also be assessed by histological endpoints.
  • 131
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Mangrove Forest Functions and Services
Mangroves stand out as one of the most diverse and biologically significant natural systems in the world. Playing critical roles in maintaining the health and productivity of coastal ecosystems, mangroves provide a range of services and functions, including habitat for local fauna and flora, food and other goods, carbon sequestration, and protection from natural disasters such as storm surges and coastal erosion. 
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Weed Detection in Wheat Crops
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a commonly cultivated cereal worldwide that covers about 237 million hectares annually, producing 765 million tons of yield. Weeds cause economic losses in wheat crops that can range from 40 to 50%, and must be controlled throughout the crop’s growing season to achieve an appropriate crop yield. Weeds constitute unwanted plants that fight with crops for nutrients, resources, and sunlight. They can have a number of detrimental effects, including reducing agricultural yields and unmanageable weed populations.
  • 232
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Marine Microorganisms Using Co-Culture Strategy
The isolation and identification of an increasing number of secondary metabolites featuring unique skeletons and possessing diverse bioactivities sourced from marine microorganisms have garnered the interest of numerous natural product chemists. There has been a growing emphasis on how to cultivate microorganisms to enhance the chemical diversity of metabolites and avoid the rediscovery of known ones. Given the significance of secondary metabolites as a means of communication among microorganisms, microbial co-culture has been introduced. By mimicking the growth patterns of microbial communities in their natural habitats, the co-culture strategy is anticipated to stimulate biosynthetic gene clusters that remain dormant under traditional laboratory culture conditions, thereby inducing the production of novel secondary metabolites.
  • 158
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols in Neurodegenerative Diseases
It has been shown that polyphenols in various natural sources can provide curative effects against various brain diseases and disorders through neuroprotective effects. These neuroprotective effects are mainly attributed to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, remove reactive oxygen species, and cause chelation of metal ions. Polyphenols increase the concentration of neurotrophic factors and bind directly to the membrane receptors of these neurotrophic factors to modulate and activate the signaling cascades that allow the plasticity, survival, proliferation, and growth of neuronal cells, allowing better learning, memory, and cognition. Furthermore, polyphenols do not have serious adverse side effects from their consumption.
  • 353
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pore-Based Sensing for Virus Particles Detection
Pore-based sensing is a highly sensitive sensing technology for the detection of extremely small particles such as molecules, proteins, and viruses (50–200 nm). Pore-based sensing is conducted by applying an electric field across nanopores, usually made of biomacromolecules, e.g., α-hemolysin or synthetic materials, e.g., graphene and semiconductor. When a particle passes through the pore, changes in the current waveform can be observed. The presence of specific waveform changes indicates the presence of target, and the number of this specific waveform can be used to determine the concentration.
  • 388
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Krüppel-like Factors 4 and 5 in Colorectal Tumorigenesis
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are transcription factors regulating various biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and homeostasis. Importantly, they participate in disease development and progression. KLFs are expressed in multiple tissues, and their role is tissue- and context-dependent. KLF4 and KLF5 are two fascinating members of this family that regulate crucial stages of cellular identity from embryogenesis through differentiation and, finally, during tumorigenesis. They maintain homeostasis of various tissues and regulate inflammation, response to injury, regeneration, and development and progression of multiple cancers such as colorectal, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and prostate, to name a few.
  • 280
  • 12 Sep 2023
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